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Walsingham |
More and Cromwell - Protagonists or Victims of Fate?
Mar 2 2009, 6:12 PM EST
| Post edited: Mar 3 2009, 2:58 PM EST
I've often wondered of the relationship between these men. They are often portrayed as protagonists, and to some degree they were. In some cases, as in Bolt's play and Zimmerman's film of A Man for All Seasons, Cromwell is very much the villain to More's saint. But the truth is more complex, and we see a sense of that in The Tudors, where it is not Cromwell who is "out to get" More, but rather an indifferent observer who disagrees with his views on the church.Were they in fact simply thrown together in time by fate to oppose each other, or was there a visceral dislike? Thoughts? Do you find this valuable?
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scooter&buster |
1. RE: More and Cromwell - Protagonists or Victims of Fate?
Mar 3 2009, 12:36 AM EST
"I've often wondered of the relationship between these men. They are often portrayed as protagonists, and to some degree they were. In some cases, as in Bolt's play and Zimmerman's film of A Man for All Seasons, Cromwell is very much the villian to More's saint. But the truth is more complex, and we see a sense of that in The Tudors, where it is not Cromwell who is "out to get" More, but rather an indifferent observer who disagrees with his views on the church.Thomas More was no saint. and Thomas Cromwell was not the devil. Both were just men, and both were flawed. Imo, More was a religious fanatic who embraced his 'martyrdom. And Cromwell, though not blameless, was more an agent of the king than an evil doer out to get More. Cromwell worked for a volitile king who wanted things done. More tested the King and paid the ultimate price. I don't think they hated each other in the beginning, but may very well have grown to hate one another. I do believe Cromwell, as he is shown in the series, would have preferred More had taken the oath, as it would have led others to do the same, and made the king's marriage to Anne and the act of Supremacy more acceptable to the people. By refusing the oath, More encouraged others to also reject it...but, really. in the end, all he did was slow down the inevitable I do think More hated Cromwell. Cromwell was a Reformist. So, for More, Cromwell must have been the embodiment of evil. As for how Cromwell felt about More, he may have hated him, but I think it's more likely he just found More annoying and frustrating...which I'm sure ended in hate. In the series it seems clear Cromwell doesn't hate More, but is exasperated by him. Whereas the series' More seems to think Cromwell is the Antichrist. 2 out of 3 found this valuable. Do you? |
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LadyLizzy |
2. RE: More and Cromwell - Protagonists or Victims of Fate?
Mar 3 2009, 10:31 AM EST
"In the series it seems clear Cromwell doesn't hate More, but is exasperated by him. Whereas the series' More seems to think Cromwell is the Antichrist."Well spoken, scooter&buster. I agree completely. Watching More's trial, I felt that Cranmer rather than Cromwell hated More. Cromwell seemed tired of it all, as if thinking "Come on, just take the stupid oath and let's get finished with it." Do you find this valuable? |
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Reggie19 |
3. RE: More and Cromwell - Protagonists or Victims of Fate?
Mar 3 2009, 11:34 AM EST
"Well spoken, scooter&buster. I agree completely. Watching More's trial, I felt that Cranmer rather than Cromwell hated More. Cromwell seemed tired of it all, as if thinking "Come on, just take the stupid oath and let's get finished with it." "Haha, yup, i'd have to agree with you on that scooter&buster, because More was such a devout Catholic, and was responsible for the burning of a number of heretics, i'd say he definitely didn't like Cromwell, and probably wished the same could be done to him also. Cromwell i don't feel hated More all that much, and was simply irritated by the man based on both his rejection of the Act, and his outright stubbourness in the face of change, i think that may have contributed too, Cromwell seemed to be in favor of a new kingdom, More wasn't! Do you find this valuable? |
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thekombatbarbie |
4. RE: More and Cromwell - Protagonists or Victims of Fate?
Mar 3 2009, 12:02 PM EST
Cromwell had seen enough blood in his days as a mercenary. At this point in time he was looking to appease the king and save blood from being spilt where he could. More over time became absorbed into his "cause" and by the end felt compelled to continue his "death march". A definite "all or nothing" so to say
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lettice |
5. RE: More and Cromwell - Protagonists or Victims of Fate?
Mar 3 2009, 1:33 PM EST
"I've often wondered of the relationship between these men. They are often portrayed as protagonists, and to some degree they were. In some cases, as in Bolt's play and Zimmerman's film of A Man for All Seasons, Cromwell is very much the villian to More's saint. But the truth is more complex, and we see a sense of that in The Tudors, where it is not Cromwell who is "out to get" More, but rather an indifferent observer who disagrees with his views on the church.Simply put, More was a devout Catholoic and Cromwell supported the Reformation. This alone, particularly at a time when religious tolerance was not embraced, would put them at odds. So much blood was shed over religious causes. You were either a "papist" or a "heretic". Why couldn't they just get along? Of course ol' King Hal didn't help matters. 1 out of 1 found this valuable. Do you? |
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Walsingham |
6. RE: More and Cromwell - Protagonists or Victims of Fate?
Mar 3 2009, 2:57 PM EST
Good points all. These two men have always fascinated me, since I first saw ZInneman's film all those years ago (sorry Fred, for saying ZImmerman in the opening post :).As much as I enjoy the 1966 movie, it is (much like More himself could be) very black and white - heroes and villains, right and wrong. Cromwell, one of the country's most able administrators, is certainly unfairly treated and More over-glorified. Still, I can't help but wonder, if the religious dogmas of the day hadn't gotten in the way, what a team they would have made...More's humanism and visionary intellect and Cromwell's ability to make things happen and more linear intellect in his own right. Had it not been for such a volatile leader, England could have been marverlously served by these two. I do think Cromwell respected More, and had not More - how was it Orson Wells' Wolsey puts it, 'seen things straight on without that intolerable moral squint' viewed the reformers as evil incarnate and a threat to the Holy Church, they might have shared a pint in a different world. But as you say, Good King Hal didn't help matters. 1 out of 1 found this valuable. Do you? |
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SteveHerbes |
7. RE: More and Cromwell - Protagonists or Victims of Fate?
Jul 13 2009, 9:24 PM EDT
| Post edited: Jul 13 2009, 9:25 PM EDT
I was a little disappointed with the Tudors' depiction of Thomas More. In the Tudors, More is actually depicted as making the statement to Richard Rich that the king is not the legitimate head of the Church of England. This actually comes from Richard Rich's testimony at More's trial, and most historians believe it was perjured testimony. Richard Southwell and Mr. Palmer, other witnesses at the trial, both stated they never heard More make that statement to Richard Rich. But because Henry VIII wanted More executed, the jury verdict was pretty much guaranteed. More was the finest legal mind in Europe at the time, he had carefully guarded his silence on the king's claim, and he certainly wasn't stupid enough to tell his views to Richard Rich. The Tudors' depiction of this scene really spoiled it for me. The Tudors also suggests that More as Chancellor was involved in the trial and execution of certain heretics, which is questionable given the limited role of the Chancellor in ecclesiastical matters. Both Anglicans and Catholics venerate him as a saint. 2 out of 4 found this valuable. Do you? |
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CarolineZ |
8. RE: More and Cromwell - Protagonists or Victims of Fate?
Jul 14 2009, 2:48 PM EDT
I also was disappointed in how Thomas More's trial was handled. More was careful to keep his opinions to himself, not even telling his specific objections to family members. It was ridiculous that he would spill the beans to Richard Rich of all people!Scooter&Buster stated that, "Imo, More was a religious fanatic who embraced his 'martyrdom." With respect, I couldn't disagree more! Thomas More had resigned his office and was living quietly. He didn't "embrace" matrydom which would have been easy to do by just publicly giving his opinion. It was only when he was forced to either sign or not sign the oath that he decided that with the way it was worded, he couldn't swear to it. He probably felt that if he took the oath the rest of his life here on Earth would be ruined since every day he would despise himself, and he felt he would doom himself in the next world. He probably really felt that he had no choice. That, my friends, is being at a crossroad. 1 out of 2 found this valuable. Do you? |
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MsSquirrly |
9. RE: More and Cromwell - Protagonists or Victims of Fate?
Jul 14 2009, 3:44 PM EDT
"I was a little disappointed with the Tudors' depiction of Thomas More. In the Tudors, More is actually depicted as making the statement to Richard Rich that the king is not the legitimate head of the Church of England. This actually comes from Richard Rich's testimony at More's trial, and most historians believe it was perjured testimony. Richard Southwell and Mr. Palmer, other witnesses at the trial, both stated they never heard More make that statement to Richard Rich. But because Henry VIII wanted More executed, the jury verdict was pretty much guaranteed.The depiction of More being involved in the burning of heretics is based in fact. Even the Thomas More Society corroborates it. (http://www.stthomasmoresociety.com/thomas.php) saying "More, despite the tolerant and humane attitude suggested by his earlier works, had come to believe that the rise of Protestantism represented a grave threat to social and political order in Christian Europe. During his tenure as Lord Chancellor, he wrote several books in which he attacked Protestantism and defended the existing anti-heresy laws, which he vigorously enforced. More had six Protestants burned at the stake and ordered the imprisonment of as many as forty others." There are contemporary sources which state that he even interrogated them in his own home. He wore hair shirts & flagellated himself, so he was fiercely opposed to reform. 3 out of 3 found this valuable. Do you? |
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scooter&buster |
10. RE: More and Cromwell - Protagonists or Victims of Fate?
Jul 14 2009, 7:07 PM EDT
| Post edited: Jul 14 2009, 7:12 PM EDT
Thanks for the info and link, MsSquirrly. CarolineZ, I respect your opinion, but, like wise, I disagree. It's just my opinion, and I don't have all the facts, nor did I personally know Thomas More. But, from what little I've read, he seemed more than slightly fanatical in his beliefs...but, of course, I'm looking at him from 21st century eyes. No matter how one tries, it is difficult to know how he or Cromwell really felt or what kind of men they really were. I will say this, I admire Cromwelll more than Thomas More. Shocking, isn't it. But, that is my honest feeling...and, no it's not because the lovely James Frain played Cromwell so well in "The Tudors". I've always had sympathy for Cromwell. He has been vilified throughout the centuries...and while he was definitely no saint, he was not the evil man many historians would have us believe...just as Thomas More was not the Saint they would have us believe. Thomas More was not the man in "A Man for All Seasons", just as Cromwell was not the Machivellian (sp?) lover that film would have us believe. "The Tudors" may have been too harsh with More. But, I think the pendulum was long over due to swing the other way. We've been fed this perfect image of him and it's not truthful. Whether or not More personally attended the burnings of 'heretics' doesn't matter. He condoned it...supported it. He was responsible for the burnings of at least 6 Protestants. With Cromwell, "The Tudors" gave us a more layered man. Not totally evil or totally good. I think the series Cromwell was good at heart but put his Reformation before the good of others. I suppose both men were rather fanatical in their beliefs to some degree...at least in the series. Cromwell didn't share much as to his real self. Because of that, I think it is easier for historians to pigeonhole him as evil. 2 out of 3 found this valuable. Do you? |
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SteveHerbes |
11. RE: More and Cromwell - Protagonists or Victims of Fate?
Jul 14 2009, 10:18 PM EDT
The point I was trying to make is that the Chancellor was primarily concerned with fiscal questions and the administration of civil justice. Prosecution of heresy, which was a crime in Tudor England, was administed by the ecclesiastical courts, and later by the King's Court. While More may have supported the prosecution of heretics, heresy was more commonly prosecuted in the ecclesiastical courts. The show seems to make it a much more central part of his duties as Chancellor. It really wasn't. 1 out of 3 found this valuable. Do you? |
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MsSquirrly |
12. RE: More and Cromwell - Protagonists or Victims of Fate?
Jul 15 2009, 12:05 AM EDT
| Post edited: Jul 15 2009, 12:07 AM EDT
More was personally involved in the prosecutions if John Foxe's Book of Martyrs is to be believed. He mentions the 6 men and in particular two of the men mention More by name :"Less than three weeks later, the London leather seller John Tewkesbury shared the same fate as the others. Tewkesbury was held in the porter's lodge at More's Chelsea house, so Foxe wrote, pinioned `hand, foot, and head in the stocks', for six days without release. Foxe claimed that More , had Tewkesbury whipped at 'Jesu's tree' in his garden, `and also twisted his brows with small ropes, so that the blood started out of his eyes'. 3 out of 3 found this valuable. Do you? |
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MsSquirrly |
13. RE: More and Cromwell - Protagonists or Victims of Fate?
Jul 15 2009, 12:06 AM EDT
| Post edited: Jul 15 2009, 11:30 AM EDT
and....James Bainham said "'I come hither, good people,accused and condemned for a heretic, Sir Thomas More being my accuser and my judge.' He then spoke of the beliefs for which he was to die. Foxe claims that he ticked off all the main evangelical articles. 'First, I say it is lawful for every man and woman, to have God's book in their mother tongue. Second, that the bishop of Rome is Antichrist ... there is no purgatory, but the purgatory of Christ's blood, for our souls immediately go to heaven and rest with Jesus Christ for ever ...' At this, the town clerk, Master Pave, said: 'Thou liest, thou heretic! Thou deniest the blessed sacrament of the altar.' Bainham retorted that he did not deny the sacrament of Christ's body and blood, but only 'your idolatry to the bread, and that Christ God and man should dwell in a piece of bread ...'. At that, Pave ordered: 'Set fire to him and burn him.' As the train of gunpowder came towards him, Bainham lifted up his eyes and hands to heaven, and said to Pave: `God forgive thee, and show thee more mercy than thou showest to me. The Lord forgive Sir Thomas More! and pray for me, all good people ...'With that, the fire 'took his bowels and his head'" (Moynahan, God's Bestseller, p. 265). 3 out of 3 found this valuable. Do you? |
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CarolineZ |
14. RE: More and Cromwell - Protagonists or Victims of Fate?
Jul 15 2009, 10:55 AM EDT
"I will say this, I admire Cromwelll more than Thomas More. Shocking, isn't it. But, that is my honest feeling...and, no it's not because the lovely James Frain played Cromwell so well in "The Tudors". I've always had sympathy for Cromwell. He has been vilified throughout the centuries...and while he was definitely no saint, he was not the evil man many historians would have us believe...just as Thomas More was not the Saint they would have us believe. "Scooter&Buster, I've never thought of Cromwell as a villian. He was doing the King's business. I've always held Henry responsible for all the bad that happened. I'm inserting a quote from "The Screwtape Letter" by C.S. Lewis. In case you are not familiar with it, it is a devil named Screwtape who is giving his nephew devil named Wormword advice on how to corrupt a human. It makes me think of the people in the 16th century who unfortunately didn't take the advice of St. Paul: From the Screwtape Letters: But there is one good point which both these churches have in common—they are both party churches. I think I warned you before that if your patient can't be kept out of the Church, he ought at least to be violently attached to some party within it. I don't mean on really doctrinal issues; about those, the more lukewarm he is the better. And it isn't the doctrines on which we chiefly depend for producing malice. The real fun is working up hatred between those who say "mass" and those who say "holy communion" when neither party could possibly state the difference between, say, Hooker's doctrine and Thomas Aquinas', in any form which would hold water for five minutes. And all the purely indifferent things—candles and clothes and what not—are an admirable ground for our activities. We have quite removed from men's minds what that pestilent fellow Paul used to teach about food and other unessentials—namely, that the human without scruples should always give in to the human with scruples. You would think they could not fail to see the application. You would expect to find the "low" churchman genuflecting and crossing himself lest the weak conscience of his "high" brother should be moved to irreverence, and the "high" one refraining from these exercises lest he should betray his "low" brother into idolatry. 1 out of 1 found this valuable. Do you? |
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CarolineZ |
15. RE: More and Cromwell - Protagonists or Victims of Fate?
Jul 15 2009, 10:56 AM EDT
Excerpt from the Screwtape letter continued:And so it would have been but for our ceaseless labour. Without that the variety of usage within the Church of England might have become a positive hotbed of charity and humility, Your affectionate uncle SCREWTAPE 2 out of 2 found this valuable. Do you? |
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scooter&buster |
16. RE: More and Cromwell - Protagonists or Victims of Fate?
Jul 15 2009, 11:47 AM EDT
| Post edited: Jul 15 2009, 11:52 AM EDT
"Excerpt from the Screwtape letter continued:Thanks so much for that excerpt, CarolineZ. I've heard of and read a teeny bit about the Screwtape letter, and I have an admiration for C.S. Lewis, but I've not really completely read any of his work...just parts here and there. Yes, the letter does seem to fit those of the 1500s...and today. Will there ever be a time when religious factions do not fight one another? No. Abraham was the father of the three main religions, or, at least, two of them--Judaism and Islam, with Christianity springing from the Jewish faith. The very story of Ishmael and his mother being exiled to the desert and lsaac being Abraham's long awaited for and chosen son is the beginning of the eternal fight between Israel and the Arabic nations...just as the Jew's rejection of Christ was the excuse to persecute Jews through the centuries. It seems the powers that be over look the parts of the Bible that say to love one another and to treat each other as we would like to be treated. No wonder so many choose not to believe. I'm a believer and a Protestant. I've always wondered what the big riff was between Catholics and Protestants. We all believe in the same God and in Christ. We just worship differently. Of course, things were very different in 1530 or so....a time when the Catholic church ruled the western world. The 'new beliefs" threatened the power of the establishment. Do you find this valuable? |
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CarolineZ |
17. RE: More and Cromwell - Protagonists or Victims of Fate?
Jul 15 2009, 12:25 PM EDT
| Post edited: Jul 15 2009, 12:53 PM EDT
"Abraham was the father of the three main religions, or, at least, two of them--Judaism and Islam, with Christianity springing from the Jewish faith. The very story of Ishmael and his mother being exiled to the desert and lsaac being Abraham's long awaited for and chosen son is the beginning of the eternal fight between Israel and the Arabic nations...just as the Jew's rejection of Christ was the excuse to persecute Jews through the centuries. It seems the powers that be over look the parts of the Bible that say to love one another and to treat each other as we would like to be treated. No wonder so many choose not to believe.Yes, the squabbling of one Christian sect against another is an embarrassment. I think that Protestants and Catholics agree on far more than they disagree. And, of course, the persecution of the Jews throughout the centuries is a shameful disgrace. I remember as a child watching a show about the friendship of a little Catholic boy and a little Jewish girl and when some children taunted the little girl as being a "Christ-Killer" I didn't understand it and don't understand that attitude now. If Christians think Jesus died for their sins, then each person's sin was what "crucified" Jesus, not the Jewish people. I'm glad, Scooter&Buster, we are living in the 21st century where we can have a respectful and pleasant conversation instead of polemical rantings! Do you find this valuable? |
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CarolineZ |
18. RE: More and Cromwell - Protagonists or Victims of Fate?
Jul 15 2009, 12:42 PM EDT
Here's a quote you might enjoy from one of my favorite books, "Huckleberry Finn" which humorously shows Huck's impatience with religious argument:Next Sunday we all went to church, about three mile, everybody a-horseback. The men took their guns along, so did Buck, and kept them between their knees or stood them handy against the wall. The Shepherdsons done the same. It was pretty ornery preaching -- all about brotherly love, and such-like tiresomeness; but everybody said it was a good ser- mon, and they all talked it over going home, and had such a powerful lot to say about faith and good works and free grace and preforeordestination, and I don't know what all, that it did seem to me to be one of the roughest Sundays I had run across yet. Do you find this valuable? |