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Re-Used Costume pieces from Season Three

Neta07 — Sat, 21 Nov 2009 18:01:17 CST

Season 3 Seen a Piece in "The Tudors" Somewhere Else?! Haven't you ever seen a familiar piece in a characters outfit? chances are you've seen it in or on other Dramas/Movies/Books based on the period if you see one, add it to this page!.

Season 3

Seen a Piece in "The Tudors" Somewhere Else?!

Haven't you ever seen a familiar piece in a characters outfit?

chances are you've seen it in or on other Dramas/Movies/Books based on the period

if you see one, add it to this page!.

Piece	Worn in The Tudors	Worn in Other Projects
Yellow Dress	Jane Seymour - (S3)	Cover of 'The Boleyn Inheritance' Helen Mirren - Elizabeth I
Crown	Jane Seymour - (S3E1)	Anne Marie Duff The Virgin Queen (2005)
Necklace	Jane Seymour - (S3E1)	Queen Marie Ever After (1998)
Dress	Jane's Ladies in Waiting, Ursula Misseldon - (S3E1)	Elizabeth's Ladies in Waiting - Elizabeth: The Golden Age (2007)
Ruff	Jane Seymour - (S3E1)	Elizabeth I & Maid of Honor Bess Throckmorton Elizabeth the Golden Age (2007)
Dress	Princess Mary Tudor - (S3)	Bess Throckmorton - Elizabeth the Golden Age (2007)
Jacket	Katherine Howard - (S3)	Elizabeth - The Virgin Queen (2005)
Yellow Dress	Anne of Cleves - (S3)	Viola - Shakespeare In Love (1998)
Dress	Lady Ursula Misseldon - SE 3.01	Lettice Knollys - The Virgin Queen (2005)
Necklace	Jane Seymour - (S3)	Extra - Attila (2001)
Golden Chair	King Henry VIII - (S3E1)	Elizabeth I - Elizabeth: Golden Age (2007)
Headpiece	Princess Mary Tudor - (S3E1)	Elizabeth I - Elizabeth (1998) Mary I spy 'lady-in-waiting' for Lady Elizabeth - The Virgin Queen
Dress	Princess Mary Tudor - S3E4	Elizabeth - The Royal Diaries Lady in waiting, Lady Knollys - Elizabeth
Dress	Jane Seymour - S3E3	Cover of The Queen's Mistake
Dress	Jane Seymour E3	Elizabeth in Elizabeth I
Overcoat	Mary-E3	Bess Throckmorton - Elizabeth the Golden Age (2007)
Dress	Jane Seymour	Ann Marie Duff-The Virgin Queen
Dress	Jane Seymour	Helen McCroy -Anna Kerenina

FUN FACTS about the Tudors

MsSquirrly — Sat, 21 Nov 2009 14:49:32 CST

Fun Facts about The Tudors (in history, the actors & the series) If you know something FUN ie. amusing, odd, quirky, unusual, different and maybe strange that might make us smile or that we might not know about add it here! click the easyedit button

Fun Facts

about

The Tudors

(in history, the actors & the series)
If you know something FUN
ie. amusing, odd, quirky, unusual, different and maybe strange
that might make us smile or that we might not know about
add it here!
click the easyedit button

In history

In history

King Henry VIII

- Henry had a fondness for fart Jokes and other less sociable body functions

- He built a 2-story, communal public lavatory with 14 seats at Hampton Court.( The mind boggles at 14 people all sitting together doing their "business")

- He was a big gambler and in two years it was recorded he lost £3,250 on cards which by today's standards is an enormous amount and he would be a candidate for Gamblers Anonymous ( if he wasn't a king)

- Despite having his own mistresses, it was forbidden for a man to appear in public with his mistress.

- Henry had a remarkable memory and could remember the names of every servant employed in all the royal households.

- It is said, that even though he was a large man, he had a high pitched voice

- He loved to dress up in costume, and "was especially fond of bursting in upon Queen Katherine of Aragon and took boyish delight in these disguisings. Katherine seemingly never tired of feigning astonishment that it was her husband who had surprised her." He tried this unsuccessfully later with his 4th wife-to-be, Anne of Cleves who did not have the same reaction as her predecessor and he came out the room declaring : "I like her not!"

- He self-medicated and his prescription book shows methods for treating ulcers, some of them apparently devised by Henry himself. He was terrified of catching the plague, spending most summers away from London to avoid it.

- In an age, where few people bathed regularly, Henry was ahead of his time as he was fastidious and obsessed with cleaning due to his fear of germs.

- By the end of his life, his waistline measured 4 and half feet around and there were mechanical devices made to get him in and out of bed ....and on and off his horse.

- Henry was a big spender. His post-mortem inventory listed nearly 20,000 items, including the largest tapestry collection on record, 70 ships and 6,500 handguns. He died in massive debt.

Actors on The Tudors

Actors on The Tudors

Jonathan Rhys Meyers - JRM owns a horse named "Belle" but he doesn't own a car - He has a pet chihuahua called "Boo Boo" - He "hates computers" (only uses it for itunes to download world music, like Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan) but "loves television" and his favourite show is Law & Order: SVU ("Mariska Hargitay," he says, placing his hand on his heart, "is my crush.")
Henry Cavill - Has a knack for languages. Speaks nine languages, including Italian, French, Nepalese, and Russian. - If he wasn't an actor he would have joined the Military Forces just like his brothers & father. - Has an interest in Egyptology. - Has auditioned for various super hero movies (Superman Returns, Batman Begins) but hasn't been cast...yet! He also auditioned for Casino Royale but lost to Daniel Craig because Cavill was thought to young for the role.
Maria Doyle Kennedy - Owns her own record label named Mermaid Records - After learning a bit of Spanish for her role in "The Tudors", she took some more lesson's and moved over there for some time. - Was pregnant for the second series and gave birth to a boy.
Natalie Dormer - Speaks French - Quite skilled at fencing and is a member of the London fencing academy - Mezzo soprano singer & trained dancer - Enjoys playing poker, favorite game is Texas Hold'Em, has the poker nickname "The Queen"
Anita Briem - Has a fascination with combat and weapons. She studied hand to hand combat and trained with all different kinds of swords and weaponry.
Annabelle Wallis - On her resume, her performance skills include modern dancing and athletic skills, hip hop and rollerblading. - she speaks Portuguese, French, Spanish & Armenian
Joss Stone - Stone was asked personally by Barack Obama to write & record a song for his presidential campaign, reportedly due to the fact that she appeals across racial boundaries - First CD she bought was Aretha Franklin's Greatest Hits - Is a Vegetarian (from birth) - Joss wanted to play Jane Seymour in The Tudors but her touring schedule was too busy, instead she was cast as Anne of Cleves
Tamzin Merchant - In "Pride and Prejudice" Tamzin played the piano forte herself - Tamzin appeared in the Groove Armada/Mutya Buena Music Video - 'Song 4 Mutya' - Tamzin appears briefly in Jamie T's 'If You Got The Money' Music Video. - Has two poems published for Platforms Magazine: “Ode to a Toilet” and “Where Does Revent Stop?”
Joely Richardson - Has played a queen before in The Affair of the Necklace as Marie Antoinette. - Her ex-husband is Tim Bevan who is one of the producers of the show. - Before she became an Actress, Joely was on her way to becoming a Tennis Star after receiving a scholarship to Harry Hopman Tennis School in Tampa, FL. Her father put a stop to it and Joely followed in her sisters footsteps as an actress.

Jonathan Rhys Meyers

- JRM owns a horse named "Belle" but he doesn't own a car

- He has a pet chihuahua called "Boo Boo"

- He "hates computers" (only uses it for itunes to download world music, like Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan)

but "loves television" and his favourite show is Law & Order: SVU ("Mariska Hargitay," he says, placing his hand on his heart, "is my crush.")

Henry Cavill

- Has a knack for languages. Speaks nine languages, including Italian, French, Nepalese, and Russian.

- If he wasn't an actor he would have joined the Military Forces just like his brothers & father.

- Has an interest in Egyptology.

- Has auditioned for various super hero movies (Superman Returns, Batman Begins) but hasn't been cast...yet! He also auditioned for Casino Royale but lost to Daniel Craig because Cavill was thought to young for the role.

Maria Doyle Kennedy

- Owns her own record label named Mermaid Records

- After learning a bit of Spanish for her role in "The Tudors", she took some more lesson's and moved over there for some time.

- Was pregnant for the second series and gave birth to a boy.

Natalie Dormer

- Speaks French

- Quite skilled at fencing and is a member of the London fencing academy

- Mezzo soprano singer & trained dancer

- Enjoys playing poker, favorite game is Texas Hold'Em, has the poker nickname "The Queen"

Anita Briem

- Has a fascination with combat and weapons. She studied hand to hand combat and trained with all different kinds of swords and weaponry.

Annabelle Wallis

- On her resume, her performance skills include modern dancing and athletic skills, hip hop and rollerblading.

- she speaks Portuguese, French, Spanish & Armenian

Joss Stone

- Stone was asked personally by Barack Obama to write & record a song for his presidential campaign, reportedly due to the fact that she appeals across racial boundaries

- First CD she bought was Aretha Franklin's Greatest Hits

- Is a Vegetarian (from birth)

- Joss wanted to play Jane Seymour in The Tudors but her touring schedule was too busy, instead she was cast as Anne of Cleves

Tamzin Merchant

- In "Pride and Prejudice" Tamzin played the piano forte herself

- Tamzin appeared in the Groove Armada/Mutya Buena Music Video - 'Song 4 Mutya'

- Tamzin appears briefly in Jamie T's 'If You Got The Money' Music Video.

- Has two poems published for Platforms Magazine: “Ode to a Toilet” and “Where Does Revent Stop?”

Joely Richardson

- Has played a queen before in The Affair of the Necklace as Marie Antoinette.

- Her ex-husband is Tim Bevan who is one of the producers of the show.

- Before she became an Actress, Joely was on her way to becoming a Tennis Star after receiving a scholarship to Harry Hopman Tennis School in Tampa, FL. Her father put a stop to it and Joely followed in her sisters footsteps as an actress.

The Tudors series

The Tudors series

Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham - In the movie Sleepy Hollow, Steven Waddington's character is de-capitated. The model of his head created for that scene was flown in and used again for Buckingham's beheading in Season 1, episode 2 -
Katherine of Aragon - Maria Doyle Kennedy was pregnant during the filming of the second series so they had to use trick lighting, camera angles, good use of costuming and props to conceal the bump.
Anthony Knivert - Callum Blue broke his arm during the filming of the first season so his line's had to go to other characters making him not as prominent as scripted as they did not have casts in Tudor Times!.
Pope Paul III - Michael Hirst wrote another scene for the pope as a bargaining tool to have Peter O'Toole to play him.
Anne of Cleves - In order to be more believable as Anne of Cleves, Joss Stone had to learn how to play the harpischord. - Joss also had to have heavy make-up to cover her nose-peircing and tattoos.

Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham

- In the movie Sleepy Hollow, Steven Waddington's character is de-capitated. The model of his head created for that scene was flown in and used again for Buckingham's beheading in Season 1, episode 2

-

Katherine of Aragon

- Maria Doyle Kennedy was pregnant during the filming of the second series so they had to use trick lighting, camera angles, good use of costuming and props to conceal the bump.

Anthony Knivert

- Callum Blue broke his arm during the filming of the first season so his line's had to go to other characters making him not as prominent as scripted as they did not have casts in Tudor Times!.

Pope Paul III

- Michael Hirst wrote another scene for the pope as a bargaining tool to have Peter O'Toole to play him.

Anne of Cleves

- In order to be more believable as Anne of Cleves, Joss Stone had to learn how to play the harpischord.

- Joss also had to have heavy make-up to cover her nose-peircing and tattoos.

The New James Frain Gallery

HeroineAddict — Sat, 21 Nov 2009 10:47:58 CST

	At the LA BAFTAS 7th Annual Pre-Emmy TV Tea Party 19 September 2009





	On location filming Law & Order: SVU 13 October 2009


	With wife Marta Cunningham at the LA Gay and Lesbian Center's Anniversary Gala 25 October 2009
	During a break in filming Season 3 of The Tudors
	With a friendly extra during the filming of Season 2 of The Tudors
	At the AFI screening of 'Everybody's Fine' 3 November 2009





	James's red carpet interview at the AFI screening of 'Everybody's Fine' 3 November 2009
	Another interview with James at the premiere of 'Everybody's Fine'
	At the 18th Annual BAFTA/LA Britannia Awards 5 November 2009


	James and Marta (and Claire Danes!) at the LA BAFTAS

King Henry VIII - Patron or Plunderer?

MsSquirrly — Sat, 21 Nov 2009 09:27:29 CST

Henry VIII - Patron or Plunderer? BBC 4 documentary Henry the musician, builder and connoisseur. A short history of Henry VIII, his life and times, and showing perhaps a lesser known side of the famous English king. See also : King Henry VIII Controversies King Henry VIII's Report Card
*Sadly, these videos were removed by Youtube due to copyright infringement, when and if, they get posted again, we will try and get them put back on this page. If anyone knows where to find them, please let me know. ~ MsSquirrly

Henry VIII - Patron or Plunderer?
BBC 4 documentary

Henry the musician, builder and connoisseur.
A short history of Henry VIII, his life and times,
and showing perhaps a lesser known side
of the famous English king.

See also :

*Sadly, these videos were removed by Youtube due to copyright infringement, when and if, they get posted again, we will try and get them put back on this page. If anyone knows where to find them, please let me know. ~ MsSquirrly

	Part 1
	Part 2
	Part 3 (the large Becket ruby ring Henry gives to Katherine Howard in season 3 of the Tudors is mentioned)
	Part 4
	Part 5 (the conversation between Ambassador Castillon in season 3 where Henry wants a beauty pageant of possible bridal prospects is mentioned)
	Part 6 (Nonsuch palace which Henry is seen discussing with his fool, Will Somers in season 3 is mentioned)

Source : ghbg00107's youtube

Source : ghbg00107's youtube

King Henry VIII Controversies

MsSquirrly — Sat, 21 Nov 2009 08:59:07 CST

Historical Controversies

about King Henry VIII
See Also :-

Click EasyEdit to update this page!
(Don't see the EasyEdit button above?

The Many Masks of Henry VIII:

Even during his reign, Henry presented many different faces to many different people. Ambassadors to his court were puzzled by him, finding him mercurial of mood. It might be useful to remember that it is nearly impossible to view a historical figure without filtering him through the mores and values of our own time.

He was known as: Bluff King Hal, Athlete, Statesman, The Defender of the Faith, One of the authors of the Reformation, Poet, Musician (expert singer with a clear tenor voice and able to sing at sight; a player of lute, flute, recorder, cornett and virginals; and a composer of sacred and secular music), Theologian, Writer and Lover.

But also as: Megalomaniac, Lech, Despot, Insane, Ruthless, Murderer, Glutton, Vicious Oppressor of Protestants and Catholics alike.

So Who was the Real Henry Behind the Masks?

Henry VIII is the most instantly recognizable of English kings: the heavy, square face with its fringe of beard, the massive torso, arms akimbo, feet planted firmly on the ground. His character, too, is familiar: ‘Bluff King Hal’, gorging himself at the table, flagrantly promiscuous, cynically manipulating the Church to suit his marital aims, the very archetype of chauvinism.

But scholarship reveals a very different Henry. Larger than life, certainly (six foot three inches to six foot four inches tall, a colossal height for the time); but, as a young man, clean-shaven and with a halo of red hair, his waist was a mere 35 inches and his chest 42 inches. His table manners were refined to the point of being finicky, and the conduct of his sexual liaisons was (according to the French ambassador) almost excessively discreet.

Far from regarding the Church merely as an extension of his own power and wealth, Henry was devoutly religious and profoundly orthodox in his observances. (He would hear mass five times daily—though only three times if he was hunting!) As for his chauvinism, how can one defend his marital record: divorced, beheaded, died; divorced, beheaded, survived?

Clearly one cannot! But his personal conduct to his queens was respectful and often tender. During divorce proceedings he was meticulous in his dealings with Katherine of Aragon, acknowledging the respect due to a queen of England who was herself the daughter of two monarchs. And poor Anne of Cleves (who Henry claimed made him impotent) reported: ‘When he comes to bed he kisses me, and taketh me by the hand and biddeth me “Good night, sweet heart”; and in the morning, kisses me and biddeth me “Farewell, darling”. This courtesy does not excuse the cruel divorces, still less the executions; but such accounts show a side of Henry at odds with the boor of popular myth.

He appears to be a complex man of contradictions who still confounds us all these centuries later.

Did Henry regret the death of Sir Thomas More and did he blame Anne Boleyn for it?: In general Henry was mostly concerned about his reputation and fearful of invasion. However, he also believed in the righteousness of his actions and angry towards those who did not share his own self perception. In this regard, Henry would have blamed one individual for the death of More – and that would be More himself for ‘daring’ to refuse him. Henry had relentlessly pursued More to bow to his will or face the consequences. There was nothing merciful about Henry's actions when examining the downfall of More. Henry was, in general, ferocious and unforgiving to opponents even when those who were not as open in their opposition wished for some form of compromise. When Henry voiced some regret about removing Thomas Cromwell, it seems that Henry briefly bemoaned the loss of someone who once did all his tedious paperwork as opposed to experiencing guilt over removing a friend. The remark was also made briefly and Henry subsequently pushed Cromwell out of his mind, just as he did successfully with the memories of other individuals, Anne Boleyn and Sir Thomas More included. While Henry certainly blamed Anne Boleyn for many things, her adultery was the cause of the breakdown of their marriage and he blamed her for failing to produce a living son and ultimately punished her for it in the end by casting her as a traitor and having her removed. But why would he blame the deaths of condemned traitors on her? Historian G.W. Bernard writes, ‘it was Henry who with increasingly passion saw More as a political enemy and threat and resolved that, if he did not submit, he would be destroyed’. Despite the international criticism Henry faced for this action, Henry would have been convinced that it was his absolute right to remove opponents in his realm. Secondary accounts have alleged Anne Boleyn’s involvement in More’s death, claiming that she goaded Henry to remove him but these accounts can be seen as both idealistic and biased. Could Henry have had regrets about More after having him executed, and then choose to ignore More’s theological position? We can likely assign this as a similar apocryphal story of Henry such as his last words allegedly being ‘Monks, Monks!’ to show his remorse over the actions towards the clergy and church as a whole. Neither Eric Ives’s or Retha Warnicke’s respective studies on Anne mention or give credence to any regret or blame of Anne on Henry's part. Even Chapuys whose suspect accounts of the couple's marital quarrels places more emphasis on Henry’s own anger towards these More and Fisher. His reports continue to emphasise Henry’s utter disregard for the two even after their deaths which makes the later claim that Henry blamed Anne to be somewhat illogical. John Guy in his work on Margaret Rope and the More family details very well the continuing open malice Henry showed towards the family after More's death which further indicates that Henry was not sorry for, and certainly not shy about, showing his own contempt for More even after 1535. [Source: littlemisssunnydale]

Did Henry regret the death of Sir Thomas More and did he blame Anne Boleyn for it?:

In general Henry was mostly concerned about his reputation and fearful of invasion. However, he also believed in the righteousness of his actions and angry towards those who did not share his own self perception. In this regard, Henry would have blamed one individual for the death of More – and that would be More himself for ‘daring’ to refuse him. Henry had relentlessly pursued More to bow to his will or face the consequences. There was nothing merciful about Henry's actions when examining the downfall of More. Henry was, in general, ferocious and unforgiving to opponents even when those who were not as open in their opposition wished for some form of compromise. When Henry voiced some regret about removing Thomas Cromwell, it seems that Henry briefly bemoaned the loss of someone who once did all his tedious paperwork as opposed to experiencing guilt over removing a friend. The remark was also made briefly and Henry subsequently pushed Cromwell out of his mind, just as he did successfully with the memories of other individuals, Anne Boleyn and Sir Thomas More included.

While Henry certainly blamed Anne Boleyn for many things, her adultery was the cause of the breakdown of their marriage and he blamed her for failing to produce a living son and ultimately punished her for it in the end by casting her as a traitor and having her removed. But why would he blame the deaths of condemned traitors on her? Historian G.W. Bernard writes, ‘it was Henry who with increasingly passion saw More as a political enemy and threat and resolved that, if he did not submit, he would be destroyed’. Despite the international criticism Henry faced for this action, Henry would have been convinced that it was his absolute right to remove opponents in his realm.

Secondary accounts have alleged Anne Boleyn’s involvement in More’s death, claiming that she goaded Henry to remove him but these accounts can be seen as both idealistic and biased. Could Henry have had regrets about More after having him executed, and then choose to ignore More’s theological position? We can likely assign this as a similar apocryphal story of Henry such as his last words allegedly being ‘Monks, Monks!’ to show his remorse over the actions towards the clergy and church as a whole. Neither Eric Ives’s or Retha Warnicke’s respective studies on Anne mention or give credence to any regret or blame of Anne on Henry's part. Even Chapuys whose suspect accounts of the couple's marital quarrels places more emphasis on Henry’s own anger towards these More and Fisher. His reports continue to emphasise Henry’s utter disregard for the two even after their deaths which makes the later claim that Henry blamed Anne to be somewhat illogical. John Guy in his work on Margaret Rope and the More family details very well the continuing open malice Henry showed towards the family after More's death which further indicates that Henry was not sorry for, and certainly not shy about, showing his own contempt for More even after 1535.
[Source: littlemisssunnydale]

The Jousting accident:

During the time that Henry was married to Anne Boleyn, he fell from his horse while jousting in a tournament. It is thought that a joint in his armor broke, and cut him deeply in the leg. The wound seemed to heal with little trouble, which was rare at that time, when there were no antibiotics and knowledge of the necessity of keeping a wound clean. Some sources mention that the fall also knocked Henry unconscious for several hours -- some scholars have suggested that this head injury might be responsible for the changes that seemed to take place in his personality at this time in his life.

After a few months, the wound opened again into an ulcer, which then followed a pattern of healing and reopening for the rest of Henry's life. Unfortunately, the medical treatments of the time were barbarous, including cutting into the wound to let out "bad humours", and the application of various ointments, including one that consisted of powdered pearls and lead mixed into a lard base.

Because medical knowledge was so primitive at the time, this leg ulcer, possibly caused by a long-term untreated infection or cyst, was blamed for later ulceration and gangrene in Henry's feet and lower legs as he grew older. It was believed that there had been an infection of the original wound that spread downward, though the foot ulceration started years after the initial wound from the fall. Unfortunately, because of the paucity of information available to us, and the primitive state of medicine at the time, we will probably never know exactly what ailed Henry's leg. However, the initial leg injury seems to be a turning point in his life, so far as his health was concerned. Though he remained quite healthy and active during his short marriage to Jane Seymour, he gained a great deal of weight after her death, and by the time he was married to Anne of Cleves, there were reports that he had an ulceration of an old wound on his leg. His health slid rapidly downhill at that point, and he also aged markedly.

Did Henry suffer from Syphilis?:

Click here for Video clip: Did Henry have Syphilis? - Historians Robert Hutchinson and Dr Lucy Worsley and medical doctor Catherine Hood examine Henry VIII's sexual health in order to determine what caused his (and/or his wives') fertility problems.The allegation that Henry VIII had syphilis is a longstanding one, and often backed by the assumption that Henry was sexual promiscuous, thus able to catch a STD, and that some form of disease on his part caused his first two wives' miscarriages. Furthermore Henry's leg ulcer is sometimes concluded to be an outward sign of his alleged syphilis.

The allegation that Henry had syphilis is not widely credited today owing to the lack of contemporary evidence to prove that Henry suffered from this disease (an illness that was known by contemporaries, thus treatments existed for it at that time). Furthermore the allegation that Henry's children had congenital syphilis and this made them allegedly sickly is very hard to support, given that all three children suffered from differing good health. Henry's son Edward was a very healthy child, Mary suffered from bouts of ill-health but lived till her forties and Elizabeth's health was generally good.

There is also the question of whether an individual with the type of syphilis predominate in the sixteenth-century, which could cause a range of ailments from physical deformities to mental health problems, could hide such an illness. Henry VIII was notoriously afraid of illness and went to great lengths to ensure his own good heath and his children's, namely his son's. Would Henry, had he suffered from syphilis, avoided medical treatment out of embarrassment over his condition? Very unlikely. [Source: littlemisssunnydale]

There are many schools of thought concerning Henry's possible medical condition, and the suspicion that he might have suffered from syphilis has been around since Henry's lifetime. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to determine after the fact just what disease Henry VIII might have had and there is considerable debate as to what it might have been. The traditional explanation for his leg ulceration and mental decline in later life is syphilis, which is also in keeping with the traditional figure of Henry VIII the lecher. This is similar to the traditional contention that the Tudors all died of tuberculosis, which has also been called into question by some historians.

It is important to remember that during Henry's lifetime, medicine was extremely primitive. Any condition that caused ulceration anywhere on the body was referred to generically as "the pox", which was also a common name for syphilis. These ulcerative conditions could, and did include smallpox, chickenpox, the ulceration caused by late term diabetes, and any other spreading skin rash or sores, which were quite common considering the poor sanitary conditions of the day. Similarly, any disease which caused its victims to waste away was called "consumption", and could include any illness that caused the patient to become emaciated -- cancer, diabetes type I, tuberculosis, parasitic infections. But because of these generic terms being used to describe a number of conditions in Henry's day, the traditional belief that Henry died of syphilis, and his son, Edward, died of tuberculosis, has continued.

It is known that Henry suffered for many years from an ulcerative condition of the legs. Syphilis typically attacks mucous membranes -- the genitals, eyes and nasal lining are the most common sites for syphilitic ulceration, resulting in the typical genital lesions, blindness and collapse of the nasal cartilage that is associated with advanced syphilis. Henry's leg ulceration seemed to start in one leg after an injury in a jousting accident. This injury healed with little complication -- only to reopen a few years later. Eventually, both of Henry's legs and feet were affected with ulcers. It was noted by his physicians that his toes became gangrenous as the condition advanced. This is an ulceration pattern far more typical of advanced diabetes, both Type I and Type II.

There is no documentation of Henry having suffered from ulceration of the mucous membranes. Henry's gradual mental impairment, mainly a temper which became increasingly irascible with age, as well as paranoia, has frequently been blamed on the insanity which accompanies tertiary syphilis, as the syphilis spirochetes attack the brain tissue (this commonly occurs when the nasal passages have been infected and damaged, due to their proximity to the brain). However, Henry also had a series of strokes prior to his death, which would point to circulatory and blood pressure problems, which could have been caused by late stage diabetes or arteriosclerosis. Circulatory insufficiency to the brain is a common cause of degenerative mental illness.

Henry's older sister, Margaret, also suffered similar progressive mental impairment and strokes. It would be hard to prove that both Henry and Margaret had syphilis-- but it is very likely they both suffered from some hereditary circulatory impairment. It has recently been proven that the preponderance toward developing diabetes is genetic. Since the rest of Henry's siblings died of wasting diseases in childhood or early adolescence, with the exception of his younger sister, Mary, who died of a similar wasting disease during pregnancy, and since such wasting away during childhood, adolescence and pregnancy is a symptom of untreated juvenile (Type I) diabetes, I tend to lean away from the Henry with syphilis theory and more toward the Henry with diabetes or another circulatory disorder theory.

As for Henry's increasing mental instability, decreased circulation to the brain could definitely have been a contributing factor. This sort of mental instability is common in cases of untreated diabetes, as it is in cases of arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) and Alzheimer's disease. Henry himself frequently complained of the stress and burden that being King placed upon him. These complaints increased as he grew older. His daughter, Elizabeth, who also reigned for many years, complained similarly, and suffered from periods of depression as she grew older.

During the Tudor period, monarchs were absolute -- the king or queen WAS the country. They were surrounded by endless political manoeuvrings and machinations. The intrigues of Henry's court alone could fill dozens of books, as one courtier after another tried to win a high ranking place in the scheme of things -- and Henry was well aware that such manoeuvrings went on. He frequently stated that he felt that he could trust no-one -- and this was pretty much the case! This solitary position, feeling that you were without any close confidante or companion, might not be difficult for a young monarch to tolerate, but as the infirmities of age began to set in, the loneliness must have been incredible. Henry frequently complained of isolation and loneliness, and often wished, in his final years, "to be just a man". It's not unreasonable to assume that this sort of stress would lead to some mental aberration.

Also, in his final years, Henry was subjected to terribly primitive and painful medical practices, as his ulcerated legs grew worse. The ulcers were continually cut into, lanced, cauterized, and then dressed with an ointment that contained ground pearls and lead! Medical procedures were not only primitive, but were carried out under completely unsanitary conditions. Henry's legs were continually infected and under siege from physicians who cut into them and burned them. The pain was continual and severe, frequently causing the old King to cry out in pain. Henry's sleep was disturbed by the continual pain, and his mental health was definitely affected by it. This ordeal alone would be likely to drive anyone into insanity, and Henry was unwell besides, suffering from dropsy (an edema resulting from impaired circulation, which caused enormous swelling of the entire body) and some mental impairment after his strokes. The lead poisoning coming from that pearl and lead ointment alone would have been enough to cause mental illness.

There have been some theories posted on the Internet that Henry's children all suffered from congenital syphilis. This is very, very unlikely, as congenital syphilis is almost always accompanied by mental retardation, and all three of Henry's legitimate children, as well as his illegitimate son, Henry Fitzroy, were very intelligent and excellent scholars. There are varying schools of thought about the cause of Edward's death -- like many young Tudors before him, he wasted away prior to his death, and his final illness has been traditionally believed to be tuberculosis. However, he had also contracted either smallpox or measles in the year before he died, and his wasting could also be attributed to diabetes, which frequently becomes severe during the growth spurts of adolescence. It is known that he was treated with medicines that contained arsenic, and that he had many of the symptoms of arsenic poisoning while on his deathbed (his hair and nails had fallen out, he was covered with ulcers, and there was a peculiar smell, similar to garlic, on his breath). Many medicines used at the time contained arsenic, and it was sometimes added to wine as well, so whether Edward's death was hastened by deliberate poisoning or not is questionable.

Mary I, who reigned after Edward, was a middle aged woman with a long history of migraine headache, severe dental problems with accompanying sinus complications and menstrual irregularity. She had not enjoyed good health since her childhood, and it is very likely that the incredible stress that she experienced during her teens and early adulthood, when her mother was in exile and her own legitimacy was in question (to say nothing of her life frequently being in danger) led to the development of some of her ailments. During her brief reign, she suffered from two hysterical pregnancies. Her belief that she was pregnant was intensified by the presence of symptoms that she thought were linked with pregnancy -- cessation of menstruation, nausea and swelling of the abdomen. It is more likely that these symptoms were caused by cancer of the ovaries and uterus.

The idea that Elizabeth I was a sufferer of congenital syphilis is almost laughable. Though she suffered from a few ailments, one of the notable things about her was her robust health. She was very active, and believed that engaging in regular exercise daily, as well as maintaining a strict diet, was the key to keeping a vigorous body and mind. She danced several galliards (a very taxing and lively dance) every morning as her exercise, rode frequently, walked, played tennis and exhibited physical energy uncommon in a woman of her time. In her later years she did complain of stomach ailments, and it is probably true that her teeth darkened with decay over the years, but her overall health was far too robust and complete for her to have been a congenital syphilitic.

The question of Henry's exact health ailment, like many other questions about him, will probably never be satisfactorily answered, short of an exhumation of his grave and a post-mortem being carried out -- which is highly unlikely. Even if such a thing should occur, it is a long time since Henry's death -- there are some things that we will never definitively know. Trying to diagnose a health condition five hundred years after the fact, using the doctors' notes made at a time when medicine was extremely primitive (and the notes may very well have been 'censored', since they were about the King) is basically a guessing game. There are five hundred years' worth of legends about Henry, and his ulcerated leg and many marriages are a part of them. It is probably safe to say that during the later part of his reign he was greatly feared and hated by many -- and during the reigns of Edward and particularly Mary, he was not a loved figure. Claiming that he died of "the pox" would have fit in with the demonizing that took place during this time -- the much married, bloodthirsty lecher was killed by a disease that was the result of his own evil and corrupt way of living.

Death by syphilis is part of the legend of Henry VIII -- and like so many of the other parts of the legend, a definitive answer is something that we will never have.

So what happened to Henry? :

If it wasn't syphilis, how did the Young Promising King Henry of 1509 turn into the irrational, despotic, absolute ruler of his middle and later years? One recently posed theory makes a lot of sense.

DIABETES 2. The devastating effects of this disease when untreated, as it would have been in Henry's time, can explain many of the mysteries surrounding the Tudors. Tudors died young, with a few exceptions. Henry originally had six brothers and sisters. Only three survived to become adults. The others fell pray to a "wasting" condition termed "consumption", where the victim would progressively grow thinner and weaker, eventually dying.

These are the symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis, which can claim the lives of untreated diabetics. In fact, when Henry's brother, Arthur, was dying, he asked repeatedly for water. His thirst was overwhelming, another diabetic symptom.

Henry and his sisters, Margaret and Mary, survived into adulthood. Mary died as a young adult, after several pregnancies, of the same "wasting" disease that claimed the Tudor siblings who did not survive childhood. Margaret suffered a series of strokes in middle and later life, and also showed signs of progressive dementia before her death, much like Henry. Many of Henry's symptoms, his leg ulcer, the strokes he suffered in later life, his wild mood swings, his progressive dementia all point toward severe uncontrolled diabetes.

Comments:
There are two different kinds of diabetes, and the origin and pathophysiology of both are *completely* different. It is very possible that people in his family may have suffered this, especially if they were constantly thirsty (a classic symptom of Type 1); HOWEVER, Type 1 diabetics who are not treated with insulin (as they obviously weren't in that period) are VERY unlikely to ever get fat because in Type 1 the body is constantly breaking down fat as a last resort to get energy (since cells cannot get that energy from its usual source, sugar). As a result, they often die young. Also, Type 1 diabetes does not have a strong genetic predisposition, so you won't see it "running in families."

Type 2, on the other hand, *is* what I believe Henry VIII might have suffered from. Type 2 Diabetes is a syndrome of *resistance* to insulin (the hormone that causes cells to absorb sugar for energy) that usually occurs BECAUSE of increased body weight. However, because cells still retain the ability to absorb some sugar, sufferers don't waste away like Type 1 diabetics do. That said, the increased body sugar destroys blood vessels over time, leading to other symptoms classic of Type 2 such as non-healing wounds and infections (Henry's leg!!), blurred vision, neuropathy, kidney failure, etc. Also, Type 1 has not been shown to be HEREDITARY (i.e. seen in families), especially to the degree that Type 2 has

Click here for Video clip :Henry VIII's Diet - In this short video, the diet of Henry VIII is recreated in a modern day weekly supermarket shop. Historian Dr Lucy Worsley and medical doctor Catherine Hood also examine the possibility that Henry VIII suffered from type 2 diabetes [Source: littlemisssunnydale]

How much did Henry weigh?:

At the time of Henry's death, between obesity and fluid retention caused by circulatory problems, he was enormous, and it took four strong men to lift and carry the sedan chair that he was carried around in. His coffin, which was lined with lead, was so heavy that it broke the supports that were provided for it in at least one of the churches it was displayed in.

We know from seeing Henry's armour (he had several sets made a different times in his life), and from measurements taken of his skeleton about 200 years after his death, that he was probably around six foot, three to six foot four inches tall during his lifetime. His early armour indicated an athletically built man with a small waistline -- he probably would have weighed in the neighborhood of 180 to 200 pounds at this time. There are a couple of other sets of armour in existence, including one made for his final invasion of France in the last two years of his life. The waist on this last set of armour would fit a waist of about 58 to 60 inches, as compared to the first set of armour which would have fit a waist of about 34 to 36 inches.

At the time that Henry had the last set of armour made, his weight was probably at around 300 pounds. After his return from France, he entered the time of his final illness, where his body became very bloated from fluid retention (called "dropsy" in those days, because the patient's hands would swell so much that their grasp was impaired, causing them to drop things). So it is likely that Henry probably weighed well in excess of 300 pounds by the time of his death.

Though these sizes, particularly of the first suit of armour, don't seem that enormous to us today, it should be noted that in Henry's time, people were much shorter and smaller than they are now, due to lack of proper nutrition and health care. He was almost literally considered a giant in his time, and his size had much to do with the glamour associated with him when he was a younger man -- and with the stories of his enormous size as an older man. Also, as he began to become heavy, Henry insisted that all his clothes be designed to hide his expanding waistline, which is why he adopted the extreme padded shoulders that are seen in his later portraits. By the time he died, his clothing literally extended as wide as he was tall, to create an image of a man with very wide shoulders and a powerful build, rather than the "pear shaped" body that was hidden underneath them.

Source: http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Studios/1344/henryviii.html

Source: http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Studios/1344/henryviii.html

King Henry VIII's report card

MsSquirrly — Sat, 21 Nov 2009 08:56:56 CST

King Henry VIII ruled England from 1509 - 1547 (37 years) How successful was his reign? Here we analyse "the good, the bad and the ugly " of this time period. You be the Judge See also : King Henry VIII - Patron or Plunderer? King Henry VIII Controversies
Assessment:
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS: Responsible for the Reformation in England and founded the Church of England with himself as its supreme head. He also: promoted parliamentary government by extending representation and expanding the privileges of both Houses enhanced standing of the monarchy and helped create a new sense of national identity overhauled machinery of the state, introducing progressive and efficient taxation schemes created the most magnificent court in English history patronised arts to lasting effect and popularised the art of portraiture built or remodelled 70 palaces and erected fortresses along the south coast was first English king to authorise the translation of the Bible into English PERSONAL QUALITIES: A true child of the Renaissance - a gentleman in the knightly, chivalric sense, an intellectual who read St Thomas Aquinas for pleasure, an expert linguist, a humanist, an astronomer, a world-class sportsman, a competent musician and composer, an accomplished horseman, and a knowledgeable theologian. He could turn his hand to anything from designing weapons to mathematics or technology, from making up medicines to drawing maps or brick-making. But Henry's true greatness lay in his practical aptitude, his acute political perception, and in the self-restraint that enabled him to confine - within limits acceptable to his people - an insatiable appetite for power. GLOBAL IMPACT: The principal founder of the English navy, the fleet of warships he built was the first standing military force of its time, and the basis for Britain's future dominance of the seas. Without his work, Elizabeth's victory over the Spanish Armada and the development of the English colonies would never have been possible. He elevated England's status in Europe, where he consistently helped to maintain a balance of power between his rivals, Francis I and France, and the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. Through his reforms, Protestantism was able to gain its powerful purchase on the English-speaking world. LEGACY: He changed the heart, mind and face of Britain more than anything between the coming of the Normans and the factory age. In the reigns of his children, Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I, his legend became embedded in the national consciousness, and "Great Harry" was especially lauded for having rescued the English Church from the tyranny of Rome. Today, historians recognise that his reign contributed an extraordinary legacy - modern Britain. Henry began his reign in a mediaeval kingdom; he ended it in what was effectively a modern state. We are still living in the England of Henry VIII. [Source: Alison Weir - BBC News Magazine]

Viewed by some as the embodiment of the warrior king who restored England’s honor, by others as a tyrant who ruled by the chopping block, the life of Henry VIII has been a source of continuous fascination. Catholic writers pictured him as the devil, English Protestants credited him as the founder of their religion. His appetites became legendary, whether he was wrestling with Francis I, eating and drinking enormous meals, or marrying six women. After the civil wars of the preceding century that had weakened the monarchy, Henry VIII reestablished the power of the English crown. This was done largely through the work of his powerful ministers Cardinal Thomas Wolsey and Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex. They made use of the new Privy Council (the former royal council) and Parliament, whose members included the aristocracy and gentry. As these groups were brought into government, their individual ability to challenge the king diminished. The confiscation of church wealth enabled Henry’s heirs to rule without new revenues for the rest of the century. The dual defeat of the Scots made his kingdom safe from armed invasion while his strengthening of the navy made it safe from attacks by sea. Henry’s break with Rome was a critical step in the development of English national identity.His vision of an English empire encouraged successive generations to look outward with the spirit of enterprise that eventually led to England’s expansion overseas. [source: encarta]

King Henry VIII
ruled England from
1509 - 1547 (37 years)

How successful was his reign?
Here we analyse
"the good, the bad and the ugly "
of this time period.
You be the Judge

See also :

Assessment:

KEY ACHIEVEMENTS:
Responsible for the Reformation in England and founded the Church of England with himself as its supreme head. He also:

promoted parliamentary government by extending representation and expanding the privileges of both Houses

enhanced standing of the monarchy and helped create a new sense of national identity

overhauled machinery of the state, introducing progressive and efficient taxation schemes

created the most magnificent court in English history

patronised arts to lasting effect and popularised the art of portraiture

built or remodelled 70 palaces and erected fortresses along the south coast

was first English king to authorise the translation of the Bible into English

PERSONAL QUALITIES:
A true child of the Renaissance - a gentleman in the knightly, chivalric sense, an intellectual who read St Thomas Aquinas for pleasure, an expert linguist, a humanist, an astronomer, a world-class sportsman, a competent musician and composer, an accomplished horseman, and a knowledgeable theologian. He could turn his hand to anything from designing weapons to mathematics or technology, from making up medicines to drawing maps or brick-making. But Henry's true greatness lay in his practical aptitude, his acute political perception, and in the self-restraint that enabled him to confine - within limits acceptable to his people - an insatiable appetite for power.

GLOBAL IMPACT:
The principal founder of the English navy, the fleet of warships he built was the first standing military force of its time, and the basis for Britain's future dominance of the seas. Without his work, Elizabeth's victory over the Spanish Armada and the development of the English colonies would never have been possible. He elevated England's status in Europe, where he consistently helped to maintain a balance of power between his rivals, Francis I and France, and the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. Through his reforms, Protestantism was able to gain its powerful purchase on the English-speaking world.

LEGACY:
He changed the heart, mind and face of Britain more than anything between the coming of the Normans and the factory age. In the reigns of his children, Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I, his legend became embedded in the national consciousness, and "Great Harry" was especially lauded for having rescued the English Church from the tyranny of Rome. Today, historians recognise that his reign contributed an extraordinary legacy - modern Britain. Henry began his reign in a mediaeval kingdom; he ended it in what was effectively a modern state. We are still living in the England of Henry VIII.
[Source: Alison Weir - BBC News Magazine]

Viewed by some as the embodiment of the warrior king who restored England’s honor, by others as a tyrant who ruled by the chopping block, the life of Henry VIII has been a source of continuous fascination. Catholic writers pictured him as the devil, English Protestants credited him as the founder of their religion. His appetites became legendary, whether he was wrestling with Francis I, eating and drinking enormous meals, or marrying six women.

After the civil wars of the preceding century that had weakened the monarchy, Henry VIII reestablished the power of the English crown. This was done largely through the work of his powerful ministers Cardinal Thomas Wolsey and Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex. They made use of the new Privy Council (the former royal council) and Parliament, whose members included the aristocracy and gentry. As these groups were brought into government, their individual ability to challenge the king diminished. The confiscation of church wealth enabled Henry’s heirs to rule without new revenues for the rest of the century. The dual defeat of the Scots made his kingdom safe from armed invasion while his strengthening of the navy made it safe from attacks by sea.

Henry’s break with Rome was a critical step in the development of English national identity.His vision of an English empire encouraged successive generations to look outward with the spirit of enterprise that eventually led to England’s expansion overseas. [source: encarta]

The Good	The Bad	The Ugly
He was responsible for: - the early establishment of an English Navy -Education and literacy: Latin and French were the standard languages in Henry VIII’s court. English was spoken but there were so many different dialects that a man from Yorkshire might not be able to understand the English of a man from Cumbrian. Henry VIII’s decision to allow the Tyndale bible to be printed unified English into one dialect. In fact, if it were not for Henry’s decision to print the Tyndale bible then people from all over the world would not be allowed to communicate in one language on this very board. - Henry pretty much introduced the concept of state education. When he dissolved the monasteries, he used the money to found a group of schools called the Kings Schools. Talented yet poor children could go to these schools on scholarship. Famous poor but brilliant children who went to these schools include Christopher Marlow and William Harvey. Just think…if it were not for Henry then we might not have discovered that blood circulates for a long time which brings me to ….	He was responsible for: - the dissolution of the Monasteries. Some of the most beautiful Cathedrals & Churches damaged. - the break with Rome isolated England & caused long protracted conflicts with Spain through the 16th & 17th centuries. - his constant need for wars & his lavish lifestyle bled the coffers of England dry. - he was not an effective military commander or diplomat & engaged in many very expensive military ventures in France which accomplished absolutely nothing. -he divorced/annulled his wives on biblical pretexts and yet had married them with the Pope's dispensation.	He was responsible for : -abusing the judicial system to have innocent people murdered in a tyrannical manner. People who either just wouldn't compromise their conscience or because they stood in the way of what he wanted. - It was recorded that he had over 70.000 people executed and even if this number is inflated, it was still a large number of people. Many of whom were innocent except for their different beliefs. He actually executed 3 catholics and 3 reformers on the same day to show his "fairness". - he professed to "love" many people (ie. Sir Thomas More, Anne Boleyn, Queen Katherine of Aragon , Mary, Elizabeth) & yet treated them abominably, even to judicially murdering them.
- Medical and Scientific Progress Little was known about anatomy in the early 16th century because the Catholic Church had forbade dissection. Poor Galen was stuck dissecting pigs and trying to apply this knowledge to the human body. If you have ever looked inside a pig than you would agree that it is a tad different. Henry VIII’s rein was a giant step toward anatomical knowledge. Henry established the College of Barber Surgeons and gave them a number of corpses for dissection each year.	- he was immoral and yet in complete denial of the fact. - he discarded women like they were a pair of old shoes that were worn out and he needed a new pair. -He was so blinded in his desire for a male heir that he bastardized his own daughters Princess Mary Tudor and Princess Elizabeth Tudor	- his treatment of people who crossed him or whom he thought he needed to be rid of: he executed friends and lovers, pushed away his children, showed indifference at best and cruelty at worst when it came to his subjects in general. All the executions were not necessary.
Renaissance He supported the Renaissance in England in its early stages when it needed nurturing. He surrounded himself with men who championed the new ways of thinking and his patronage of the arts, humanists, and other tenets of renaissance culture made many of the great thinkers, such as Erasmus and More, household names for common English folk. -Protestants will say the split with Rome was a good thing but of course Catholics would disagree.	-The way the break with Rome occurred caused a brutal dissolution of Monasteries, theft of resources in favour of the Treasury, & executions. -The megalomaniac way he ended up using his expanded powers: he abused them when he could have used the opportunity to establish his rule as a benevolent and good ruler. Henry had the freedom to be a precursor of the enlightened ruler if he had wanted to be...but he obviously did not (he even had the humanist education to be a good ruler, so he has no excuse for making the wrong choices)
-His foreign policy established England on the European map as an independent power of some importance despite the weakness of his treasury and armies (especially if compared with France and the Empire) -His break with Rome indirectly strengthened the Crown and put an end to the medieval structure of Power in England. This is the start of the Modern era for the country. An important mark of modernity being the absolute power of the King or Queen. -His interest in all things education and knowledge: his children benefited from an excellent education. Even the girls...and that was a rarity at the time.	- Henry was very cantankerous at times. Even to beating his faithful servant Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex about the head and calling a courtier, "his pig". -He was utterly contradictory.He allowed the bible to be printed in English but upheld the mass in Latin. He upheld the sacraments yet attacked idolatry. He said Anne of Cleves could not be a virgin because of her slack breasts and yet told his council that he left her a virgin as he found her.
Restored the succession -Bringing his daughter's Mary and Elizabeth back in the line of succession and acknowledging them in good faith.
- Henry VIII's life was so compelling and interesting that it has caused countless tv shows and movies about him, including "The Tudors" and without that, we would not be on this wiki together. - Henry had some amazing children. Each one was very intelligent and amazing in their own way. - Henry signed & read every single document in Star Chamber cases.
-He was an accomplished songwriter, and while it's unlikely that he wrote "Greensleeves" he wrote many popular pieces such as "Pastime With Good Company". -Fostered the arts -He rocked an excellent beard.		-
- His methods were brutal and he had become a tyrant but….a lot of good came out of change. -All of the bad and ugly things he did should have taught (or should teach) future monarchs and others (including the present day) how NOT to behave seeing the evil consequences of his actions. Sometimes a really bad situation can shake people out of their complacency into something positive
-It can be argued that Henry had no option but to remove threats to his throne such as the Pole Family who were Plantagenets for the survival of his line. The same can be said of his need for a male heir according to how a 16th century male would view things.
- He has attained some form of immortality since he is remembered to this day as a Great King 500 years later.

What do you think? Success or Failure? Put your comments here:

What do you think?
Success or Failure?
Put your comments here:

After reviewing the list of "good" things, on the left, it looks like he was more of a success than a failure as a Monarch despite his romantic and bloody history. ~MsSquirrly	On the other hand, I think Henry's reign could be described as ' The Good, The Bad and The Ugly". Most of the "Good Column" states his achievements, and I think Henry can be seen as one of the founders of the British Navy. But...a man who judicially murdered two wives, who changed the law to execute a legally insane woman, and had an elderly woman beheaded ( Margaret Pole) can only be described as 'bad and ugly' ~ Kiki52
What a wonderful writeup, MsSqu!!! Thought-provoking, concise and stuffed w/tidbits I hadn't known, or forgotten over the years! Thanks for this link! I often wonder if Henry's having to work for a change after Wolsey died that he lost his good intentions, and then later if his illnesses didn't have a factor in his cruelty? To be insulting to the common people doesn't sound like Henry to be honest. He knew as well as Bess that a King needed his people's love in order to be a successful monarch. Those blows to his head could have caused more than just headaches. He could have had some damage to the brain to make him behave as he did, enough to cause a major mental illness that in today's time would require medications to control it. Well, I'd have to say as a ruler, Henry did all right. But as a man, the jury is still out on that one! And since one effected the other, I'd go 65/35 on the successful ruler. He could have done some things differently, and he knew he could have, that's the rub. ---ETR

Anne Boleyn Video clips from the series

BoleynGirl — Sat, 21 Nov 2009 08:41:15 CST

Videos of Natalie Dormer as Anne Boleyn

Actual clips from the series

(not Fan music videos - see The Tudors Fan Music Videos)

COSTUMES of the Tudors

MsSquirrly — Sat, 21 Nov 2009 07:07:26 CST

SEE ALSO: The Tudors Depictions Throughout History | The Tudors Historical Inaccuracies and Mysteries | The Tudors Photos | The Tudors 100 Reasons to Watch | The Tudors Links & Resources

◄ Back home: The Tudors Fan Wiki

MEET THE COSTUME DESIGNER

JOAN BERGIN, Costume Designer

One of Ireland's best known film costume designers has worked on:
My Left Foot, In the Name of the Father, David Copperfield,
Riverdance, Reign of Fire, and The Prestige.

Recently the team of Joan Bergin, Designer, Ger Scully & Jessica O'Leary, both Costume Supervisors won the

Emmy award for Outstanding costumes for a series (2007 & 2008)

At the Emmy Awards Show, Ryan Seacrest decided to
honor the show by appearing in one of Henry's costumes. He said: "You know this looked a
lot less gay on the rack"

MEET MICHAEL HIRST, Series Creator and Writer

" In my research, I was always looking for historical scenes which would seem quite contemporary even though people were in costume. We didn't want another Royal Shakespeare company or 'Masterpiece Theatre' kind of thing -- all these English actors in period costumes with elaborate and totally contrived mannerisms. We wanted them to be and sound real and think real."

Please add your comments on the series costumes or Tudor costumes in genera by clicking here.

The Tudors Costumes

as translated for the series

Want to add your knowledge to The Tudors Costume's page?

Click EasyEdit to update this page! (Don't see the EasyEdit button above? Sign in or Sign up.)

Tudor Tidbits on King Henry VIII's Costumes

To make this series more relatable to a modern audience, none of the male actors wore wigs or codpieces, despite that fact that men of this era wore longer hair and the ridiculous clothing appendage. The producers unanimously ruled them out.

Bergin says : "Henry was a Rock Star of his time. so we use a lot of leather and a lot of fabrics which are almost modern. The cut of the collar is high and flattering, with garments cut close to the body to accentuate his physique. He was the Mick Jagger of his day"

"They didn't want a rigid BBC costume drama," Ms. Bergin said, "not least because our Henry is a young man. I showed that in private moments - we could have him in a collarless shirt. I have used black leather and wool, with touches of gold and white to evoke the rat pack of young aristocrats trying to gain a place in court".

Its good

to be the

King

The 5th Irish Film & Television awards - 2008 Winners

Joan Bergin accepting her award for Best Costume Design	Dee Corcoran & Jennifer Hegarty for Best hair and Makeup
Joan Bergin and Jonathan Rhys Meyers at the Season 3 launch party	Costumes from Season 3 being shown on models at the launch party
Annabelle Wallis next to her trademark Teal dress	Joan Bergin with a Season 4 costume

For more on Tudor Costumes , click here:

TUDOR STYLE - deconstructed

The 'V' Waist on this dress was probably not used in the early Tudor period, but more towards the late 1550's and more so with the reign of Elizabeth I in her initial years. The square neckline however; is almost accurate to the necklines most gowns would have by 1520's-1530's, but the sleeves are not.

It is very unlikely for a royal or noble lady to wear these thin sleeves, almost attached to her arms with no second fur or detachable sleeves at all. This is known by the painting where fur and trumpet-like sleeves would be used through out the courts of England, France and sometimes Spain, sometimes the fur sleeves would be very round and expanded, such like the sleeves Mary Tudor wore on her wedding gown when she married Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk.The gown in it's whole totality is more similar to the initial Elizabethan courtier costume than to the early Tudor Period of the 1520's or 1530's.

For Joan Bergin designing the costumes of THE TUDORS was more than a matter of researching the costumes of the 16th Century. They needed to be reinterpreted. " The thinking behind the costumes was to present a deconstructed Tudor that the clothes wouldn't be purist and odd for a contemporary audience" She says "I wanted the clothes to say to a modern audience: 'how sexy' or 'how magnificent or whatever - not to be strange. So that meant taking the Tudor garments and adding touches that allow you to relate to them in a modern way'.

Bergin Takes most pride from the central role the costumes play in THE TUDORS. "What I've enjoyed most is that the series is very character driven which means I can develop each character through the clothes they wear. So if you're watching it week after week, you should be able to tell how the character has developed from the way they look - have they gone up or down in the social pecking order. Anne Boleyn is the most dramatic example. By the end of the series she's pretty stunning!".

The Tudors costumes inspirations:

Joan Bergin explains the inspiration for the masque scene were the ballet costumes of Degas & Balenciaga's corsets which were in turn inspired by the Elizabethan era.

Some of the clothing came from costumes Bergin found left over from a 1930's swashbuckler film starring Errol Flynn.

"I thought the old costumes would look shabby and worn
(in high definition)," Bergin says. " But high definition loves the old dyes and (non-synthetic) fibers".

LINK:

Costumers guide website - showing recycled costumes from other movies that are used in the Tudors production.

Interview with Joan Bergin in the Post.IE
May 20, 2007

This year alone, Bergin has been working on the biographical film of Brendan Behan, The Bells of Hell, and revamping the Riverdance costumes for the show’s return to Ireland this month. She has also worked on 1,400 costumes for the US television series The Tudors, and the ‘‘one-and-a-half “ costumes required for Sam Shepard’s Kicking A Dead Horse at the Abbey....

‘‘I did a ton of research and then deconstructed what I saw. I’m always looking for the road back: what was original about the period I am to represent, and what’s the road back to where we are now?”

It was an approach she also used on the costumes for The Prestige last year. ‘‘In the Prestige, I wanted to find what about Victoriana would make us really identify with the people, and this was true with Riverdance and the Celts. What would make you go ‘wow, that’s what we were’? Well, on good days, that’s what we tried to do.”

A good costume designer, Bergin says, is an anthropologist, constantly storing up images from the world around, even if it means the occasional bout of visual indigestion. Her method of expressing the kernel of a character through their clothes is one she says she shared with one of her team, Carol Graham, who died tragically a few weeks ago, while still in her 30s.

‘‘I loved that she gathered visual information in the same way I do; working with Carol was affirmation that I wasn’t mad.”

ROYAL DESIGN

'TUDORS' DUDS FIT FOR A KING

By ROBERT RORKE - New York Post

April 13, 2008

The real stars of "The Tudors" are the costumes. It was no surprise that the show's costume designer. Joan Bergin (right), walked off with the Emmy Award last year. Her brocades, silks and plush furs give the stately Showtime series a rich, romantic look that adds an elegant veneer to the sometimes diabolical plot. If a king is going to cast the Catholic church out of England and condemn his wife to death, shouldn't he look fabulous while doing it?

Bergin clearly thinks so. She dresses star Jonathan Rhys Meyers in brocade jerkins, fancy black velvet hats, sleeveless leather vests and extravagant fur capes that would send PETA members into fits. The designer says Rhys Meyers loves fashion. "One of the really great aspects about 'The Tudors' is that Jonathan really understands and appreciates clothes. I'm so lucky," she says. "Henry VIII had such charisma that when he entered a room people would stop talking."

Working with a staff of 17 to turn out costumes for 110 cast members in 10 weeks, the Dublin-born Bergin relied upon journals written by members of King Henry's court and her own knowledge of English history for background. "It's an old Irish proverb that you serve your enemy well, so every Irish child would know a lot of English history," she says.

Her vast network of contacts in the costume community came in especially handy. These included John and Vanessa Hopkins, a couple that collects vintage fabrics. They contributed a 150-year-old panel of molten silver silk that forms the bodice of a staggering silver-and-blue shot silk dress worn by Anne Boleyn (Natalie Dormer). For jewels, Bergin struck gold with a company called Sorelle, run by two sisters, which is what the name means in Italian. "They sent me six pieces. Then they sent me another 200 pieces," Bergin says. Another Italian vendor, Autore, sent an "amazing pearl necklace and earrings" worth about $40,000. "I was a bit daunted because I saw it was Art Deco. So I designed the dress to go with the pearls." Anne Boleyn will have her head chopped off wearing those pearls, in episode 10.

Bergin was working on the 2006 magician drama "The Prestige" when she was offered the "Tudors" job. "The complexity and the scale of [the show] and how to deliver it so that it's not another bloody costume drama - that's why I took the job." A veteran of the Irish film industry, Bergin has never studied costume design. The former architecture student, who lives in Dublin with freelance journalist Kevin O'Connor, showed a flair for wardrobe early in her career when she was an actor. "I was working in a small theater and the costumes were so dreadful that I said, 'Oh, look, for God's sake,'" before taking over. She has designed the wardrobes on three Daniel Day-Lewis films - the Oscar-winning "My Left Foot," "In The Name of The Father," and "The Boxer" - and also dressed the casts of "Riverdance" and the 2000 TNT miniseries "David Copperfield."

While many viewers might think more actresses than actors would be interested in costume design, she believes "men are intrinsically more vain than women. In the beginning [of 'The Tudors' production], the men were so coy and shy about these clothes. Six weeks in, they were strutting around the set." As Bergin prepares for a possible third season, she is surprised that she's made it this far. "If you had told me two years ago that 'The Tudors' would be such a drawstring at the heart..." she says. "It's [my] vanity."

Behind the scenes : Tudors costume designer dishes on the look of Season 2

by jill on April 7th, 2008 - ShowtimeFan.com

One of the best parts of the Tudors, hands down, is the costumes. Thanks to Emmy-winning costumer Joan Bergin, the show transports us to a lush foreign world where the lives of the rich and powerful are anything but pedestrian.
As part of the press materials for Season 2, Bergin sat for a Q&A session. Among the highlights, we learn that:

Henry VII was a towering 6″3′ at a time when most men were a foot shorter. Bergin imagined that he secretly wanted to go to war so she added military details to his clothing — worked leather, heavy moleskin and chain-mail like flourishes “harden his overall look,” she said.
The fabric used to create Anne’s coronation dress is 150 years old and made of hand-spun silver. Her pearls for the coronation cost $65,000 and were loaned to the production. Anne’s costumes become ever more elaborate as the season goes on, to match her character’s development, Bergin said.
For the season, Bergin created nearly 1,500 costumes — some of which were “museum pieces in their detail and execution.”

Are you a costume junkie? Read the full Q&A:

How did you begin to design the costumes for Season Two?
This time round, I’ve done a lot of research into Spanish and Italian fashion from the period. I’ve amalgamated Tudor style with more European influences, so overall the look is softer.
As a costume designer, I can really guide and channel the story in a way that simply isn’t possible in feature films. That’s an enormous amount of responsibility and freedom which both Tom Conroy (production designer) and I have really responded to.

How has the writing inspired the costumes?
Well, Michael Hirst has been absolutely central to the work. We’d talk constantly about how a character is feeling or thinking at a particular moment and then try to reflect that in the costumes. It’s a great privilege for a costume designer to be able to do that. Michael was especially helpful to us in thinking about some of the lesser characters. He knows a great deal about them that might not have made it into the script. For instance, we learned that Thomas Cromwell was a mercenary soldier in Germany so I’ve tried to include little military touches that hint at that.

Tell us about the scale of your task in making the costumes for Season Two.
This season, we’ve created in the region of 1,500 costume pieces. We really raised the bar in terms of our ambitions and standards. In a feature film, you might have three ‘set-piece’ gowns for Anne Boleyn. Here we have at least one or two every week! Anne had about 17 major costumes, including jewels, head pieces, shoes - all made from scratch. Shooting The Tudors is relentless: it’s one historical scene after another. There’s no let-up! We’re constantly creating - from a full state ball to a battle to a hanging to a prison - and each time we’re creating a full tableau. What we’ve produced this year is quite beautiful: a lot of Jonathan Rhys Meyers’ clothes for Henry are just museum pieces in their detail and execution.

How does designing for The Tudors differ from other projects you’ve worked on?
The big danger as a designer is falling into a very stylized and purely visual set of ideas about the costumes. It’s crucial to remember that these were real people, not portraits or models. I think that the success of The Tudors has been that audiences are looking at these historical characters in costumes and settings that they can understand rather than just odd and remote contexts. The costumes go on the journey with the characters; they’re not just some random adornment. I’m quite fascinated by social history as it relates to costume and I try to incorporate that - the kind of cloth different classes wear, or who would wear fur, and so on.

How did you go about designing the look of Henry’s costumes this season?
We’ve been thinking about Henry as someone whose feeling for fashion influenced a whole generation - like Bowie or Madonna. He was 6′3″ when most men were almost a foot shorter. Henry had enormous charisma and was physically striking. I’m trying to communicate all that. I’ve also imagined that in the back of his mind, Henry wants to go to war. There are little military touches which harden his overall look: small elements of worked leather, heavy moleskin, garments which are reminiscent of chain mail. No matter how well the characters around him look, when the King walks in, I want everyone to go ‘Wow!’

What guided your designs for Anne Boleyn?
One of the things we want to reflect in the costumes is the changing fortunes of the characters.
Anne’s costumes evolve more than anyone else in the show. Her clothes get more elaborate and elegant, to the point that she matches her King by the end of the season. She evolves from being despised as a young opportunist to someone who, by the time of her execution, people knelt down and took their hats off to.
We went to a great deal of trouble to achieve that transformation. The material we used in creating her Coronation dress is 150 years old - hand-spun silver which we found in a shop in London. It’s absolutely exquisite.
Costume plays a crucial role in visualizing the development of this character from young and gauche Daddy’s girl to this quite magnificent Queen. As an actress, Natalie has matched everything we put around her; it’s a terrific performance.

Did you enjoy costuming Peter O’Toole?
Of course! It was a real thrill to be dressing an acting legend. The Papal costumes are all specially made. The tailors were delighted to be making Peter’s garments - and he is wonderful to dress; tall and slim. I copied his outfits directly from papal paintings from the period. I really so enjoyed working with him. There was one moment when I turned to him and I saw Lawrence of Arabia!

Where did you get the fabulous jewelry?
With the success of Season One, we’ve had a lot of interest from jewelry suppliers. Anne Boleyn’s pearls for her coronation cost $65,000 and were loaned to us. A costume jewelry company called Sorelli, whose style is inspired by Elizabethan and antique fashion, has been wonderfully generous in allowing me to adapt some of their pieces. We’ve also used an Irish company, Tipperary Crystal, for Jane Seymour. Their pieces have worked really well with our design goals.

Does shooting on DV affect the way you make the costumes?
It’s very unforgiving: you can’t fudge anything. There’s an incredible level of detail in all the clothes: the stitching, the lining, the buttons, the button holes and the fabric all belong to wearable clothes made with extraordinary precision. Some of these pieces have already been requested by museums.

Season 2, Anne Boleyn Gown	Season 3, Jane & Henry Wedding Attire
Season 3	Season 3
Season 4	Season 4
Season 4

LINKS:

MORE COSTUME FUN...

INTERESTING COSTUME FACTS

16th century women didn't wear knickers.However men sometimes wore linen shorts

buttons were usually for decoration and clothes were held together with laces or pins

everyone wore hats. Poor women wore a linen cap called a coif. Men wore woollen caps

linen was used to make shirts and underwear but only the rich could afford cotton and silk

women wore a kind of petticoat called a smock or shift or chemise made oflinen or wool with a wool dress over it. All classes wore wool but it varied in quality. The rich of course wore fine quality & the poor wore coarse wool.

the tudors used mostly vegetable dyes such as madder for red, woad for blue or walnut for brown. A chemical called a mordant was used to 'fix' the dye.The most expensive dyes were bright red and black.

it's a myth that they were dirty and rarely washed. There is evidence that theywashed themselves fairly often but rarely took baths since it was difficult to
heat large amounts of water in one go.

there were sumptuary laws which governed what each class could or could not wear and only persons of a certain rank could wear velvet or silk.*click here to see basic chart of Tudor sumptuary laws for dress*

the fur used on clothing could be : cat, rabbit, beaver, bear, badger & polecat.

People may have washed, but most clothing was not washable. One book I read said that even most fine ladies and gentlemen had lice. Foul odors were rife. To avoid them as much as possible, many fashionable people carried or wore a pomander, usually a metal ball filled with perfume tied to the end of a girdle or hanging from a belt.
Due to the lack of breath freshing tactics, not only did they chew on mint sprigs they would also carry little pouches filled with herbs that were pleasent smelling to hold over their mouth when they spoke.

COSTUME TERMS

Breeches: trouser-like garment

Buff-Jerkin: a leather jerkin worn by working men

Coif: linen cap worn by women

Doublet: a tight-fitting jacket

Jerkin: a jacket worn over the doublet

Kirtle : consisted of a bodice and skirt sewn together and fell in ample folds which trailed on the ground.

Farthingale : a hoop worn beneath the skirt. Also referred to as Verdingales.

Hose : woollen socks or stockings

Codpiece : an inverted triangular piece of material sewn into the hose around a man's groin and held closed by string ties. Later it would become padded and boned and over sized and used to carry a small weapon or jewels. (hence the term "family jewels".

Partlet : a high necked chemise

Forepart: that piece of the underskirt that is revealed through the inverted V opening in the front of the Kirtle.

Bodice : a tightly laced sleeveless vest

Cornet : long piece of black material which hung down the back from a headdress/hood.

French Hood: a half-moon shaped headdress such as that worn and popularized by Anne Boleyn. Queen Katherine Howard also favored it. It was worn over a coif and had a black veil attached to the back

Gable Hood: Originally a simple pointed hood with decorated side panels called lappets and a veil at the back. Typically english conservative style. Katherine of Aragon as well as Jane Seymour wore the Gable hood in portraits.

LITERATURE:

All The Rage. ed. Time-Life Books, Alexandria, Virginia: Time-Life Books, 1992.
Barton, Lucy. Historic Costume for the Stage. Boston: Walter H. Baker Company, 1961.
Boucher, François.20,000 Years of Fashion. New York: Henry N. Abrams, Inc. 1987.
Cunnington, C. Willet & Phillis Cunnington. Handbook of English Mediæval Costume. London: Faber and Faber, Limited, 1952.
Grass, Milton N. History of Hosiery. New York: Fairchild Publications, Inc., 1956.
Laver, James. The Concise History of Costume and Fashion. New York: Henry N. Abrams, Inc., n.d.
Nunn, Joan. Fashion in Costume: 1200-1980. London: The Herbert Press, 1984.
Schnurnberger, Lynn. 40,000 Years of Fashion: Let There Be Clothes. New York: Workman Publishing, 1991.
Sichel, Marion. History of Men's Costume. London: Batsford Academic and Educational, Ltd., 1984.
Tannehill, Reay. Sex in History. New York: Stein and Day, 1980.
Truman, Nevil. Historic Costuming. London: Sir Issac Pitman & Sons, Ltd., 1952.
Vecellio, Cesare. Vecellio's Renaissance Costume Book. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1977.
Williams, Penry. Life in Tudor England. London: B.T. Batsford Ltd., 1964.

SEE ALSO: The Tudors Costumes - historical

◄ Back home: The Tudors Fan Wiki

See also: The Tudors Depictions Throughout History | The Tudors Historical Inaccuracies and Mysteries | The Tudors Photos | The Tudors 100 Reasons to Watch | The Tudors Links & Resources

The Tudors Around the World - New Zealand

Ciere — Sat, 21 Nov 2009 00:21:08 CST


	Ki Ora! to The Tudors In New Zealand/Aotearoa

New Zealand's Members

Neta07	Forgetful_Blonde	HowardFan	Ciere

What we watch The Tudors on:
Tv One

Season Three
on Sundays @ 8:30

New Zealand Fan Sites

[Site Name]	[Site Name]	[Site Name]	[Site Name]
[Site Name]	[Site Name]	[Site Name]	[Site Name]

New Zealand Fan Graphics

Why We Love The Tudors In New Zealand

Our Claim to Tudor Fame

Sam Neill who played Cardinal Wolsey!	[Connect Your Country to the television show The Tudors or to the historical Tudors!]
[Connect Your Country to the television show The Tudors or to the historical Tudors!]	[Connect Your Country to the television show The Tudors or to the historical Tudors!]
[Connect Your Country to the television show The Tudors or to the historical Tudors!]	[Connect Your Country to the television show The Tudors or to the historical Tudors!]
[Connect Your Country to the television show The Tudors or to the historical Tudors!]	[Connect Your Country to the television show The Tudors or to the historical Tudors!]
[Connect Your Country to the television show The Tudors or to the historical Tudors!]	[Connect Your Country to the television show The Tudors or to the historical Tudors!]

SET Locations of the Tudors

MsSquirrly — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 21:15:27 CST

Where is the Series Filmed?

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The Tudors is an Irish/Canadian co-production filmed 80% at Ardmore Studios in Bray, Co. Wicklow, Ireland and 20% at various locations like Dublin City, Dublin Castle, Kilmainham Jail, Phoenix Park and Lord Meath's estate at Killruddery House.

Locations: All four seasons of "The Tudors" used Ardmore Studios, Luggala, Killruddery House and Gardens, Christchurch Cathedral in Dublin, Humewood Castle, Drimnagh Castle and Powerscourt Estate in County Wicklow, Ireland for locations throughout the summers of 2006 through 2009

County Wicklow, dubbed the "Garden of Ireland," lies on the eastern edge of the country, bordering the Irish Sea. The green, rolling hills are prized not only as scenery, but also for being conducive to walking, hunting, fishing, horseback riding and other sporting activities.

Ardmore Studios - Situated in Bray, Co. Wicklow, just 12 miles south of Dublin, Ardmore Studios is ideally placed to draw on the many suppliers and services Ireland's bustling capital has to offer. Yet thanks to its position at the gateway to one of Ireland's most scenic regions, the studios are also ideally positioned to enjoy easy access to literally dozens of different film locations.

"We were contacted by Mel Gibson's people, who said they had a wonderful time making Braveheart in Ireland, and gave us contact numbers. So we made a few calls, the Irish army volunteered their services, and we were able to make our movie."
Steven Spielberg (Director Saving Private Ryan)

"I've worked at every major studio in America (Paramount, Warner Brothers, 20th Century Fox, etc.) and in Europe (Shepperton, Pinewood, Cinecitta, etc., etc.). I made my first film at Ardmore Studios (Excalibur), returned there to do Into The West. It is in my opinion, on a par with any of the above. It's proximity to Dublin, a myriad of diverse locations, facilities and first rate crews, make it Grade A. It's track record over the years speaks for itself. Unhesitatingly, I would recommend it as a first class studio." Gabriel Byrne (Actor/Director)

"I have been making films at Ardmore since 1969. I keep going back. There is no other studio in the world that combines efficient facilities with a range of locations - mountains, lakes, rivers, sea scapes, forest - close at hand."
John Boorman, (Director, The Tailor of Panama)

"I've worked in Dublin now for four years - almost every year now I do something in Dublin, mainly out of Ardmore Studios in Bray and I love working here 'cause the Irish actors and Irish crew are very similar to the Scots. They like to laugh before they walk on set, they like to enjoy their work, they're very passionate about it."
Peter Mullan (The General, Magdelene)

Killruddery House - Home to the Brabazon Family (the Earls of Meath) since 1618, Killruddery House is the most successful Elizabethan-Revival mansion in Ireland and also one of the earliest. Its uniqueness in having one of the most extensive early formal gardens, still in its original style, surviving in Ireland, largely laid out in the 17th century and added to in the 19th century.

Dublin Castle, which is a major Irish governmental complex, doubles as the Vatican.Built between 1208 and 1220, this complex represents some of the oldest surviving architecture in the city, and was the centre of English power in Ireland for over seven centuries, until it was taken of by the Irish Free State in 1922. Highlights include the 13th-century record tower, the largest visible fragment of the original Norman castle and the State Apartments, once the residence of English viceroys and now the focal point for government ceremonial functions, including the inauguration of Ireland's presidents.

Powerscourt estate in Enniskerry, which is owned by the Slazenger family (since 1961),
is one of the locations used for filming "The Tudors". It is renowned for its magnificent gardens,
the highest waterfall in Ireland & an 18-hole championship golf course within the 1000-acre estate.
It was originally an important strategic site for the Anglo- Normans who came to Ireland in the late 12th century.
By the year 1300 a castle had been built & was in the possession of the Le Poer (Power) family.

The house has been used as a filming location for "The Count of Monte Cristo" (2002),

"David Copperfield" (2000), Stanley Kubrick's "Barry Lyndon" (1974) & "Where's Jack" in 1969.

Humewood Castle, Kiltegan is located in Ireland's Wicklow Mountains & was designed by English architect William White in 1867 for William Wentworth Fitzwilliam Hume Dick. The residence (with 440 acres) was recently bought by German-born businesswoman, socialite & polo devotee Renata E. Coleman bought the crumbling manse at auction for less than £1 million. (Its market value is now estimated at over £21 million). Humewood Castle lies 45 miles south of Dublin, at the foot of the Wicklow Mountains,The Spice Girls & actors Brad Pitt, Jennifer Aniston, John Travolta & Winona Ryder have all reportedly bedded down at Humewood. Humewood was featured in an Architectural Digest spread, & was the setting for Laws of Attraction, a film starring Pierce Brosnan & Julianne Moore, & for ABC's television movie, Prince William.

Drimnagh Castle (the "gh" is silent), is a Norman Castle located in Drimnagh, a suburb of Dublin.

It is the only remaining castle in Ireland with a flooded moat around it. A number of movies & TV productions

have been filmed at Drimnagh Castle, most notably 'The Abduction Club' 2002 Ella Enchanted' 2004,

Excalibur & The Tudors in 2007 & 2008

LEFT: Staircase to the Moat, which doubles as Traitors Gate. RIGHT: An interior picture.

Mark Hildreth who playes Reginald Pole - a vlog of his time at Drimnagh

Christchurch Cathedral, Dublin - Exterior & Interior
11th-century cathedral established by the Viking king of Dublin. The cathedral has historical ties to the Tudors,
it was here that the pretender Lambert Simnel was crowned king of England. Despite the Reformation,
Christchurch received funds from Edward VI and Mary I.

The Crypt

Right: Ambassador Chapuys meets with the "mysterious assassin" William Brereton

Luggala Estate- a unique and special place situated in 5,000 acres in the stunning Wicklow Mountains,
just 28 miles from Dublin. It was also also known as the Guinness Estate as it was owned by wealthy arts patron
Garech Browne, a member of the Guinness family. However,in September 2007,
it was reported that Michael Jackson had purchased the estate, which includes a mountain,
for €20 million, after an extended three month stay there earlier in the year.
The estate has been used as the location of some major films, including "Zardoz" & "Excalibur"
“Luggala isn’t so much an estate as a kingdom, a veritable Middle Earth of heather-covered
mountains, silvery waterfalls and lakes, emerald forests and meadows.” W Magazine

(Left) a view of Luggala Lake taken by "Brother Martin" Mart Gorman AKA gormorocks (on the wiki)

Kilmainham Jail, Dublin where several executions were filmed.
A former prison built in 1796 which is now a museum run by the Irish Government.

Phoenix Park, Dublin - located to the west of the city center is one of the largest city parks in Europe. With a circumference of 7 miles and a total area of 1,760 acres, It is made up of open grasslands, tree-lined avenues, ornamental gardens, lakes and nature trails. The park is also home to a herd of wild deer. Dublin Zoo is located within the park. Also within the park grounds is a 206-ft obelisk in memory of the Duke of Wellington who was born in Dublin in 1769 and the Phoenix Monument located in the very center of the park. The Phoenix Park Visitor Center is at Ashtown Castle, a medieval tower house that is thought to date back to the 17th century, and now houses an exhibition about the history and wildlife of the park.

Ambassador Chapuys

MsSquirrly — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 21:12:37 CST

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Ambassador Eustace Chapuys as played by Anthony Brophy
Imperial Ambassador to England: 1529-1545

Born c.1489/90 - died 1556

Character's Backstory: Born in Annecy in Savoy. He attended the University of Turin from 1507, staying there for at least 8 years. In 1517 he became an official of the diocese of Geneva, and subsequently served the Duke of Savoy and Charles de Bourbon. In 1527 he entered the service of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V.

After going to Savoy as ambassador, he went to England in September 1529 to take over the post of resident ambassador there from Ambassador Mendoza (Iñigo López de Mendoza y Zúñiga). His arrival coincided with the new theological debate over Queen Katherine of Aragon´s marriage, which had been mostly a legal debate up to that point. Chapuys was a doctor in Canonical right and ex-Ecclesiastic judge of Geneva, which would serve him well in the upcoming years.
He took advantage of his gout affliction, when he insisted upon always leaning on his English valet Fleming so that two pair of ears could hear more than one.

At court, Chapuys was one of Queen Katherine of Aragon's closest allies, and it is because of his detailed correspondence to Charles V that we have so many accounts of the people in Henry VIII's court. After her mother's death, Chapuys was also a close ally to Princess Mary. Chapuys despised Anne Boleyn; she returned the feeling. Chapuys had confidently predicted Anne's fall for several years. When it actually happened, he was quite surprised. He had not recognized the depth of Henry's feelings for the woman who would become his third wife, Jane Seymour.

Gentility: Unknown

Position: Spanish Imperial Ambassador to England

Personality Type: Very good at capturing the details of people. Very alert, with a legal mind, a good describer of events, peoples, and places. A methodical observer and keen analyst.

Signature look: That of a well dressed court official; dark Spanish influence evident in clothes.

Endearing trait(s): He was tireless in championing Queen Katherine of Aragon and Princess Mary Tudor and remained loyal to Emperor Charles V all his life.

Annoying trait(s): If you were an enemy to those he was loyal to, don't expect any compliments. In fact, his letters will be quite biased concerning you.

"Henry VIII clearly enjoyed sparring with this shrewd, brilliant, cynical cosmopolitan." - Historian Eric Ives

See also :

Your Majesty must root out the Lady and her adherents…. This accursed Anne has her foot in the stirrup, and will do the Queen and the Princess all the harm she can. She has boasted that she will make the Princess her lady-in-waiting, or marry her to some varlet. —Eustace Chapuys (Imperial Ambassador), writing to Emperor Charles V in 1533

CHARACTER CONNECTIONS

Family members:
Louis Chapuys (father)

Guigonne Dupuys (mother)

Romance(s):

Friends:
Charles V
Queen Katherine of Aragon
Princess Mary Tudor, later Mary I
Catholic Faction
*in the series William Brereton (unlikely in real life)

Enemies:
Anne Boleyn
France
Reformer Faction

UNFORGETTABLE CHARACTER QUOTES

DEFINING EPISODES | MEMORABLE SCENES

PHOTOS

The Tudors Around the World - Germany

Ajnor — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 18:18:58 CST


o +	Herzlich Willkommen zu *Die Tudors* in Deutschland ++	##
	++
+++		++ ++

Deutsche Mitglieder/German Members

Ajnor Saarbrücken/Saarland Southwest Germany	Naphae Chemnitz/Sachsen Saxony, East Germany	Tinili Niedersachen/Northern Germany	XxKatixX Baden Württemberg/South Germany
Cheburashka Berlin, East Germany ; )	King Henry VIII. Berlin

What we watch The Tudors on:

Pro7 oder/or Arte
(Season 3 after Christmas on Pro 7)

When The Tudors are on:

S03E01, S03E02 - Montag, 28.12.09 um 22.15 Uhr
S03E03, S02E04 - Mittwoch, 30.12.09 um 21.55 Uhr
S03E05, S03E06 - Freitag, 01.01.10 um 22.15 Uhr
S03E07, S03E08 - Montag, 04.01.10 um 22.15 Uhr
++
Quelle/Source

Deutsche Fan Seiten/German Fan Sites

Die Tudors auf Pro7 (The Tudors on Pro7)	Die Tudors auf Arte (The Tudors on Arte)	Die grösste deutsche Jonathan Rhys Meyers Fanseite (the greatest German JRM fansite)	[Site Name]
[Site Name]	[Site Name]	[Site Name]	[Site Name]

Deutschlands Fan Bilder/Germany Fan Graphics

Warum wir Die Tudors in Deutschland lieben/ Why We Love The Tudors In Germany

Die Tudors ist eine fantastische Serie; ich liebe besonders die tollen Schauspieler, die wunderschönen Kostüme, die schöne Musik und die tollen Aufnahmen. Leider müssen wir in Deutschland immer lange auf die nächste Staffel warten. ~Ajnor~	The Tudors is a fantastic series, and I particularly love the great actors and actresses, the beautiful costumes, the beautiful music and the great shots. Unfortunately, we in Germany still have to wait long for the next season. (Season 3)
Ich stimme zu. Die Tudors sind einfach nur fantastisch! Sie reißen uns aus dem Alltag, aus der Realität und ziehen uns in ihren Zauber. -Naphae-	I agree. The Tudors are just fantastic! They pull us out of everyday life, from reality and draw us into their spell.
Bevor ich von der Serie gehört hatte, wusste ich nichts über britische Geschichte. Jetzt lese ich gern darüber. Ich denke die Serie hat mir die Geschichte etwas näher gebracht und auch wenn viele mich nicht verstehen mag ich die Serie, weil sie dich in eine andere Zeit mitnimmt. -XxKatixX-	Before I heard about the tudors , I had no clue about british History. Now I love to read about it. Due to the series I started to find out more about history and although lot's of people don't understand why I like the series ... I like it because it takes you to another time.

Zusammenhang Deutschlands mit der Tudors Zeit oder der Serie/Our Claim to Tudor Fame
[Connect Your Country to the television show The Tudors or to the historical Tudors]

Lutherstadt Wittenberg ++ ++ 1536 schickte Heinrich VIII Gesandte nach Wittenberg um Anschluß an den Schmalkaldischen Bund zu bekommen. 1536 Henry VIII sent envoys to Wittenberg to get a connection to the Schmalkaldic League.	Wittenberg ++ ++ Die Stadt Wittenberg von der Elbe gesehen. Zeichnung aus dem Reisealbum des Pfalzgrafen Ottoheinrich 1536 in der Universitätsbibliothek Würzburg. The town Wittenberg seen from the river Elbe. Drawing from the travel album of Count Otto Heinrich 1536 in the University Library of Wurzburg.
Schwanenburg, Kleve ## Residenz der Herzöge von Kleve/Residence of the Dukes of Cleves ++	Schwanenburg, Kleve ## ++ AAArkaden im Innenhof/Arcade in the inner yard ++Tür mit romanischen Elementen/Door ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++with romanic components A
Anna von Jülich-Kleve-Berg / Anne of Cleves ++ ++ Die vierte Frau von Heinrich VIII und erste deutsche Königin von England. The fourth wife of Henry VIII and first German Queen of England.	Schloss Scheer bei Sigmaringen ++ ++ Geburtsort von Kardinal-Bischof Otto Truchsess von Waldburg Birthplace of Cardinal-Bishop Otto Truchsess von Waldburg

AGE & the Tudors

MsSquirrly — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 13:30:55 CST

Comparing the true of ages
of the real Tudors
with their characters on the series
The 4 seasons of the series cover the years from 1519 - 1547 (28 years)
Click easyedit to add characters & actors

Average life expectancy at birth in Tudor times was only 35. (So only half of all people born lived to be 35). However many of the people born died while they were still children. Out of all people born between 33% - 50% died before the age of about 16. There were Black Death Pandemics in 1535 and 1543 and many women died of 'child bed' fever. However if you could survive to your mid-teens you would probably live to your 50s or early 60s. Even in the 16th century some people did live to their 70s or 80s.

"It is important to remember that during Henry's reign, at least half of his subjects were under the age of eighteen. Henry's court swarmed with young people - pages, scullery maids, and the like. English culture celebrated youth; tournaments, hunts, glorious warfare were all the province of the young and strong. And while Henry was young, he joined these events with a gusto sadly lacking in his father or son. But time does not stop, not even for a despotic monarch determined to have his way in all things. During his 'great matter', Henry was in his thirties and changing from 'Bluff King Hal' into an overweight and balding hypochondriac."

[source: englishhistory.net]

Season 1
(filmed in 2006 & broadcast in 2007)
Covered the time period from 1519 - 1530 - 11 years

Character	born	1519 The year Henry's mistress gave birth to his illegitimate son	1526 The year Henry began his love affair with Anne	1530 The year of Wolsey's death	Actor's age in 2006
King Henry VIII	1491	28	35	39	Jonathan Rhys Meyers (aged 29)
Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk	c.1484	35	42	46	Henry Cavill (aged 23)
Queen Katherine of Aragon	1485	34	41	45	Maria Doyle Kennedy (aged 42)
Princess Mary Tudor	1516	3	10	14	Bláthnaid McKeown (age unknown) approx 8
Elizabeth Blount	1502	17	24	28	Ruta Gedmintas (age unknown)
Henry Fitzroy	1519	birth	7	11 (died in 1536 aged 17)	Zak Jenciragic (age unknown) approx 6/7 shown dying at this age in season 1
Anne Boleyn	1501 (disputed but generally the accepted birthdate)	18	25	29	Natalie Dormer (Aged 24)
Cardinal Thomas Wolsey	1471/75	48/44	55/51	59/55 death	Sam Neill (aged 59)
Sir Thomas More	1478	41	48	52	Jeremy Northam (aged 45)
Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex	1485	34	41	45	James Frain (aged 38)
Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wiltshire	1477	45	52	56	Nick Dunning (aged 47)
Princess Margaret Tudor (Queen of Scotland)	1489	38	45	49 (died 1541 aged 52)	Gabrielle Anwar (aged 36) *Plays an amalgamation of these characters but mostly based on Mary dies in Season 1
(Princess) Mary Tudor (Queen of France)	1496	23	30	34 (died 1533 aged 37)

Season 2
(filmed in 2007 & broadcast in 2008)
Covered the years from 1531 - 1536 - 5 years

Character	born	1531 Henry separates from Katherine & banishes her	1533 Marriage annulled and Henry marries Anne	1536 Deaths of Anne and Katherine	Actor's age in 2007
King Henry VIII	1491	40	42	45	Jonathan Rhys Meyers (aged 30)
Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk	c.1484	47	49	52	Henry Cavill (aged 24)
Anne Boleyn	1501	30	32	35 death	Natalie Dormer (aged 25)
Queen Katherine of Aragon	1485	46	48	50 death	Maria Doyle Kennedy (aged 43)
Princess Mary Tudor	1516	15	17	20	Sarah Bolger (aged 16)
Princess Elizabeth Tudor	1533	-	birth	3	Kate Duggan (age unknown) approx 6
Sir Thomas More	1478	53	55	died 1535 aged 57	Jeremy Northam (aged 46)
Thomas Wyatt	c.1503	28	30	33	James King AKA Jamie Thomas King (aged 26)
Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex	1485	46	48	51	James Frain (aged 39)
Jane Seymour	c.1508	23	25	28	Anita Briem (aged 25)
Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wiltshire	1477	54	59	62	Nick Dunning (aged 48)
Mark Smeaton	c. 1512	19	21	24 death	David Alpay (aged 27)
George Boleyn	c.1500/4	31/27	33/29	36/32 death	Padraic Delaney (aged 31)
Jane Boleyn	c.1505	26	28	31	Joanne King (aged 24)
Edward Seymour	1506	25	27	30	Max Brown (aged 26)
John Seymour	1474	57	61	64	John Brennan (age unkown)

Season 3
(filmed in 2008 & broadcast in 2009)
Covered the years from 1536 - 1540 - 4 years

Character	Born	1537 Jane dies & Edward is born	1538	1540	Actor's age in 2008
King Henry VIII	1491	46	47	49	Jonathan Rhys Meyers (aged 31)
Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk	c.1484	53	54	56	Henry Cavill (aged 25)
Jane Seymour	c.1508	29 death	-	-	Annabelle Wallis (aged 24)
Princess Mary Tudor	1516	21	22	24	Sarah Bolger (aged 17)
Anne of Cleves	1515	22	23	25	Joss Stone (aged 21)
Katherine Howard	c.1521/24	15/13	16/14	18/16	Tamzin Merchant (aged 21)
Princess Elizabeth Tudor	1533	4	5	7	Claire MacCauley (age Unknown) approx 9/10
Prince Edward Tudor	1537	birth	1	3
Jane Boleyn	c.1505	32	33	35	Joanne King (aged 25)
Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex	1485	52	53	55 death	James Frain (aged 40)
Edward Seymour	c.1506	31	32	34	Max Brown (aged 27)
Francis Bryan	c.1490	47	48	50	Alan Van Sprang (aged 37)
Robert Aske	c.1500	37 death	-	-	Gerard McSorley (aged 58)
Cardinal Von Waldburg	1514	23	24	26	Max Von Sydow (aged 79)
Reginald Pole	1500	37	38	40	Mark Hildreth (age 30)
Lady Salisbury	1473	64	65	67	Kate O'Toole (aged 46) shows her dying in Season 3 but she didn't die till 1541

Season 4
(filmed in 2009 & broadcast in 2010)
Covered the years from 1541 - 1547 - 6 years

Character	born	1542 The year Katherine H was executed	1545 Charles Brandon dies	1547 Henry dies	Actor's age in 2009
King Henry VIII	1491	51	54	56 death	Jonathan Rhys Meyers (aged 32)
Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk	c.1484	58	61 death	-	Henry Cavill (aged 26)
Princess Mary Tudor	1516	26	29	31	Sarah Bolger (aged 18)
Catherine Parr	1512	30	33	35	Joely Richardson (aged 44)
Katherine Howard	c.1521/1524	21/18 death	-	-	Tamzin Merchant (aged 22)
Jane Boleyn	c.1505	37 death	-	-	Joanne King (aged 26)
Princess Elizabeth Tudor	1533	9	12	14
Thomas Culpepper	c.1514	28 death	-	-	Torrance Coombs (aged 25)
Edward Seymour	c.1506	36	39	41	Max Brown (aged 28)
Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey	1517	25	28	30 death	David O'Hara (aged 44)

SITEMAP of the Tudors Wiki

MsSquirrly — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 11:40:11 CST

Site Map

showing all the pages in Alphabetical Order

There are over 1500 pages on the Tudors wiki website!
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CASTING the actors

Pope Paul III

MsSquirrly — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 22:45:57 CST

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Pope Paul III as played by Peter O'Toole

born February 29, 1468 - died November 10, 1549
Pope from 1534 - 1549

Character's back story:born Alessandro Farnese & descended through his mother from the Caetani family which also produced Pope Boniface VIII (1294-1303). He was elected as Pope Paul III after the death of Pope Clement VII (the Medici Pope) in 1534 who had denied Henry the divorce.
Alessandro's sister, Giulia, was the mistress of Pope Alexander VI, and through her influence was able to award her brother the title of cardinal. He was later given the position of Cardinal Bishop of Ostia and dean of the college of cardinals under Pope Clement VII.
Though he was not successful in his life time of fighting off the increasing growth of the Protestant Reformation, his greatest accomplishment was convening the Council of Trent in 1545, and with this Council he started the basis of the Counter-Reformation.

( Council of Trent)

He was also noted to have founded the Order of the Jesuits in 1540.
In 1542 he established The Congregation of the Holy Office of the Inquisition, or the Roman Inquisition. This permanent congregation was staffed by Cardinals and other officials and charged with the tasks of maintaining and defending the integrity of the faith. In 1535 he asked Michelangelo to paint "The Last Judgement" on the alter of the Sistine Chapel which took five years to complete.

Gentility: member of the great Farnese family who were highly influential in Early Modern Italy

Position: Pope of the Catholic Church

Personality type:

Signature look: papal robes

Endearing trait(s): love and loyalty to family (he could have had his bastard children sent away or unacknowledged in order to advance his career in the church but he didn't), vocally opposed to the enslavement of the indigenous peoples of the Americas

Annoying trait(s): his enemies would view him as hypocritical and prone to nepotism, after his election as Pope he gave his illegitimate offspring titles and property that had once been under papal rule

See also:
Images of the Historic Pope Paul III

CHARACTER CONNECTIONS

Family members: one of the TWO illegitimate sons Pier Luigi Farnese for whom he built the Palazzo Farnese and detached lands
from the papal dominion to create the duchy of Parma and Piacenza for Pier Luigi.
Father: Pier Luigi Farnese
Mother: Giovannella Caettani
Sister: Giulia Farnese ("Giulia la bella", mistress to Pope Alexander VI)
Brother: Angelo Farnese
Sister: Girolama Farnese Pucci
Son: Ranuccio Farnese (1509 - 1529)
Daughter: Costanza Farnese
Daughter: Paolo Farnese
Son: Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza (1503 - 1547)
Grandson: Alessandro Farnese, Cardinal and bishop of Parma
Granddaughter: Vittoria Farnese, duchess of Urbino
Grandson: Orazio Farnese, Duke of Castro
Grandson: Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma
Grandson: Ranuccio Farnese, "the little cardinal", Cardinal of Santa Lucia

Romance(s): Silvia Ruffini, the mother of both his sons.

Friends:
Tutor: Pomponio Leto
Any blood relative
The Medici family
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (despite his involvement in the plot to kill his son Pier Luigi, they still remained key allies)

Enemies:
All Reformists

UNFORGETTABLE CHARACTER QUOTES

(about Anne Boleyn) "What about this putain, the King's *****?...Why doesn't somebody just get rid of her?"

"The Kings of Europe have power, but no morality... and I must act as their conscience."
about Michelangelo "We forgive him because he is a genius...whatever that means!" episode 2.5
about his grandson Alessandro "He'll make a fine Cardinal. Don't you agree?" episode 2.7

DEFINING EPISODES | MEMORABLE SCENES

PHOTOS


	Pope Paul III with two of his grandsons left, Alessandro and Octavio


	Pope Paul III peers out at the Sistine Chapel's altar
	embracing Alessandro his grandson

Pier Lugi Farnese Duke of Parma and Piacenza (previously papal states before his father's election) Pope Paul III's second illegitimate son was known for his cruelty, decadence, and homosexual acts of violence against men. He was assassinated in 1547 by a faction of nobles supported by Charles V who wanted to unite Parma and Piacenza into the Duchy of Milan	Ranuccio Farnese, "the little cardinal" Pope Paul III's grandson by his illegitimate son, Pier Luigi. Portrait by Titan, c. 1540's
	Palazzo Farnese

Historical TIMELINE of the Tudors

MsSquirrly — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 20:36:55 CST

Historical Timeline

of the Events
of the Tudor Era
1485-1603

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Key to events

Battles, plagues, sweating sicknesses, rebellions, uprisings, murders, trials, arrests, imprisonments & executions

Births, deaths, marriages, relationships & personal changes

Art & design, theatre and music, literature, treaties & explorations

Religious, (Reformation/ Papal/Clergy), governmental (law), Titles & Coronations

Date	Event	Comments
August 22nd, 1485	Battle of Bosworth Field - Henry Tudor defeats King Richard III & the Yorkist forces...	... thus bringing an end to the War of the Roses. Henry VII became king by right of conquest.
October 30, 1485	Henry Tudor is crowned King of England	Henry Tudor claimed royal blood through his mother's paternal descent from the illegitimate line of John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford, in addition Henry's father Edmund Tudor was the grandson of Catherine of Valois, former Queen Consort of King Henry V.
December 16th, 1485	Katherine of Aragon is born to Isabella of Castille and Ferdinand of Aragon	Youngest child of Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand
January 18, 1486	Henry VII marries Elizabeth of York	The marriage was a politically savvy one for Henry, in that it bound the warring houses of York and Lancaster so the heir to the throne of England would be from both families
September 20, 1486	Prince Arthur is born to King Henry and Elizabeth of York	The prince was named after King Arthur of Cadwaldr, from whom the King's genealogists traced his ancestry.
November 25, 1487	Elizabeth of York is crowned Queen consort of England
March 27, 1489	Treaty of Medina el Campo between England & Spain	Accomplished 3 goals: - the betrothal of Katherine of Aragon & Arthur, Prince of Wales -a common policy of the two countries toward France - reduced tariffs between the two countries
November 28, 1589	Princess Margaret is born to King Henry and Queen Elizabeth	Foundress of the Stuart dynasty
June 28th, 1491	Prince Henry Tudor is born	The future King Henry VIII. Out of the three sons of Henry VII: Arthur (d.1502) and Edmund (d.1500), only Henry survived to reign.
1492/1498	Christopher Columbus, under contract to King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella, makes 4 voyages to the New World	However, Columbus does not realize the extent of his discovery; he believes he is somewhere in India.
January 2, 1492	Conquest of Granada - defeat of Emir Muhmmad XII of Granada, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella take Granada as a tributary kingdom	Final act of the "reconquista", reconquest of Spain
March 31, 1492	Alhambra Decree signed by Ferdinand and Isabella commanding the expulsion of Jews from Spain	Approximately 200,000 Jews left Spain as a result and resettled in Portugal, North Africa, South Eastern Europe, Netherlands and England
November 3, 1492	Treaty of Etaples signed by Henry VII and Charles VIII of France	France agreed to stop supporting Perkin Warbeck as rightful king of England and pay Henry an indemnity in exchange for England recognizing French control of Brittany
March 5, 1496	Italian merchant and explorer John Cabot receives a patent from King Henry VII authorizing him to search for land in the New World
March 18, 1496	Princess Mary is born to King Henry and Queen Elizabeth	Youngest surviving child of Henry VII
May 24, 1496	Lambert Simnel is crowned "King Edward VI" in Dublin	pretender to the throne supported by John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln
June 16, 1497	Battle of Stoke Field: ended the Lambert Simnel uprising
June 17, 1497	Battle of Blackheath: Henry VII led 25,000 men to defeat the rebels of the First Cornish Rebellion	Rebels were encouraged by the pretender to the throne Perkin Warbeck who claimed to be Richard the Duke of York (Elizabeth of York's younger brother, uncle of Henry VIII).
June 24, 1497	On his second voyage, Cabot landed in what is today Newfoundland, Canada and claimed it for his patron King Henry VII calling it "Prima Vista"	Although his second voyage was a great success and Cabot was welcomed back to London as a hero, disaster struck during his third voyage when his ship was lost at sea, a major setback for English exploration, the Tudors would not fund another voyage until 1517.
1497	The Bonfire of the Vanities occurs in Florence, Italy in which Girolamo Savonarola collected and publicly burned objects considered sinful, including original paintings by Botticelli.
February 21, 1499	Prince Edmund is born to King Henry and Queen Elizabeth	The prince would die 15 months later of unknown causes.
November 23, 1499	Perkin Warbeck is executed at Tyburn	Warbeck was drawn on a hurdle and then read his confession, his face was badly beaten in order to disguise his resemblance to the York family before he was taken to Tyburn to be executed.
1499 - 1500	Plague outbreak in London	30,000 die
C.1501	Anne Boleyn is born.	Earlier historians considered 1507 to be the accepted date but in 1981, the art historian Hugh Paget successfully demonstrated that a letter Anne had written in 1513 from Brussels when she was a maid of honour in the court, a position which was only open to a 12 or 13 yr old was not the hand of a 6 yr old. [Ives - Life & Death of Anne Boleyn]
November 4th, 1501	Prince Arthur meets his betrothed, Katherine of Aragon for the first time
November 14th, 1501	Katherine of Aragon marries Prince Arthur Tudor	Arthur was 15 years old and Katherine was 16 years old.
April 2nd, 1502	Prince Arthur Tudor, heir to the throne, dies.	His younger brother, Henry who is 11 years old, becomes heir apparent.
1502	Treaty of Perpetual Peace Treaty signed as part of the marriage negotiations of Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII of England and James IV, King of Scotland.
February 10, 1503	Henry VII's queen consort, Elizabeth of York dies in childbirth.	The queen delivered a daughter named Catherine who died shortly after birth.
June 23, 1503	Betrothal of Henry Prince of Wales and Princess Katherine
July 2, 1503	Margaret Tudor departs Richmond Palace to begin her journey to Scotland	On her way, Princess Margaret payed a visit to her paternal grandmother and namesake, Lady Margaret Beaufort, at her estate at Collyweston.
August 8, 1503	Margaret Tudor marries King James IV of Scotland at Holyrood House in Edinburgh	Margaret was 13 years-old while King James was 30.
December 26, 1503	Pope Julius grants dispensation allowing Prince Henry to marry his brother's widow.
February 18, 1504	Henry is created the Prince of Wales.
November 24, 1504	Isabella of Castille dies.	The kingdom of Castille was ruled by Isabella's eldest daughter Joanna and her husband Archduke Phillip "the Fair"
1505	Christ College of the University of Cambridge is established	Founded by Lady Margaret Beaufort
June 27, 1505	Prince Henry formally repudiates his betrothal to Princess Katherine	14 year-old Henry had reached the age of consent and under pressure from his father he repudiated his betrothal in order to free up alternative marriage negotiations
c. 1507	The husband of Lisa del Giocondo commissioned Leonardo da Vinci to paint the 'Mona Lisa'	Shortly after she had 3 teeth pulled and false teeth fitted.
1507	The second outbreak of sweating sickness in England.
c.1508/9	Jane Seymour is born	Her exact birth date is debated, but at her funeral, 29 women walked in succession & as it was customary for the attendant company to mark every year of the deceased's life in numbers, this implies she was born in 1508.
1508	Michelangelo begins painting the Sistine Chapel in Rome (1508-1512).
1509	The humanitarian thinker Desiderius Erasmus publishes In Praise of Folly, which he wrote at Sir Thomas More’s home, satirizing the behavior of Church clergy.
April 21st, 1509	King Henry VII dies & King Henry VIII takes the throne.
1509 - 1547 1509 - 1533	King Henry VIII reigns Katherine of Aragon Queen Consort	38 years 24 years
June 11th, 1509	King Henry VIII marries Katherine of Aragon.	He was 18 years old and she was 24 years old.
June 24, 1509	Joint Coronation of King Henry VIII and Queen Katherine of Aragon
June 29, 1509	Lady Margaret Beaufort dies	Mother of Henry VII, she held considerable influence over her son and pushed a marriage alliance between England and Spain in order to join the House of Tudor with the bloodlines of the most powerful nation in Europe.
January 31, 1510	Queen Katherine of Aragon delivers a stillborn daughter
January 1, 1511	Queen Katherine of Aragon delivers a son, Henry, who dies 52 days later leaving Katherine heartbroken.
April 9, 1511	Henry VIII grants charter establishing St. John's College of the University of Cambridge	Henry's grandmother, Lady Margaret Beaufort is credited as the college foundress, because the funds to build the school came from her estate. However, this was not expressed in her will. Bishop John Fisher, her chaplain, was largely responsible for obtaining the approval of the college from Henry.
April 11, 1512	Margaret Tudor gives birth to Prince James at Linlithgow	Unlike her three previous pregnancies, James survives to adulthood.
November 1, 1512	Michelangelo's paintings on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel are completed and first exhibited to the public.
c.1512	Catherine Parr is born
August 16, 1513	Battle of Spurs at Therouanne King Henry VIII leads an army of 35,000 from England, lands at Calais and surrenders six days later.
September 9, 1513	Battle of Flodden Field, the Scots under King James IV versus the English army headed by Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey.	The largest battle (in terms of numbers) fought between the two nations. Queen Katherine of Aragon sent King Henry the bloody cloak of the dead King of Scotland to verify his death while Henry fought in France.
September 21, 1513	In accordance to his father's will, Prince James is crowned as King James V, Margaret Tudor is queen regent while her son is underage provided she doesn't remarry	At this time Margaret is also pregnant with her late husband's child
1513	Anne Boleyn leaves England to become one of 18 maids of honour in the Habsburg court of Margaret of Austria, regent of the low countries for her young nephew Charles who would become Emperor Charles V	Regent Margaret was known as a strict chaperon.
October 9, 1514	Mary Tudor marries King Louis XII of France	Henry VIII's sister is 18 and Louis is a decrepit 52.
November 5, 1514	Mary Tudor is crowned Queen of France
1514 - 1521	Anne Boleyn is placed in the retinue of Queen Claude (wife of Francis I) and finishes her education in France.	Claude was only 15 years old in 1514 & her appearance bordered on deformity but she was known as warm & gentle
January 1, 1515	Louis XII of France dies and Francis I takes the throne
Early February, 1515	Queen Katherine of Aragon gives birth to a male, stillborn child after miscarrying another child in October 1513.
April 1515	Now a widow, Henry VIII's sister Mary Tudor returns to England	Mary Boleyn returns with her.
September 22, 1515	Anne of Cleves is born
December 24, 1515	Cardinal Thomas Wolsey is created Lord Chancellor of England
1515/17	Henry VIII establishes the Royal Workshops for armor production at Greenwich, headed by Martyn van Royne (active 1515–40).
February 18, 1516	Queen Katherine of Aragon gives birth to Princess Mary Tudor
February 23, 1516	Ferdinand II of Aragon dies
May 13, 1516	Mary Tudor marries Charles Brandon at Greenwich	Henry VIII's sister, Mary, and Brandon will have a daughter named Frances. Her daughter, Lady Jane Grey, will rule England for nine days after the death of King Edward VI and Mary I will sentence her to death by beheading for treason.
October 31, 1517	Martin Luther nailed to the church door at Wittenberg a list of 95 theses on indulgences, denying the pope had any right to forgive sins. Luther's posting was meant to foster scholarly debate at Wittenberg, but some of his students and colleagues thought it was such a good point that they printed and distributed it.	Martin Luther was a German monk whose ideas inspired the Protestant Reformation. He challenged the authority of the Papacy by holding that the Bible was the only infallible source of religious authority and that all baptized Christians are a priesthood. According to Luther, salvation was a free gift of God, received by true repentance and faith.
1518	Treaty of London a non-aggression pact between the major European nations. The signatories were France, England, the Holy Roman Empire, the Papacy, Spain, Burgundy & the Netherlands, all of whom agreed not to attack each other and to come to the aid of any that were attacked	Sponsored & designed by Cardinal Thomas Wolsey. Although peace was short- lived, it did begin a peace movement which continued for centuries.
November 18, 1518	Queen Katherine of Aragon miscarries another child.
January 12, 1519	Maximilian I, Roman Emperor dies
1516 & 1519	Charles V succeeds both his grandfathers, Maximilian I & Ferdinand II of Aragon
June 15, 1519	The King's teenaged mistress, Elizabeth Blount, gives birth to an illegitimate son, Henry Fitzroy
February 1520	Mary Boleyn marries William Carey of the Privy Chamber with King Henry VIII as principal guest	It is thought that she became the King's mistress in the year previous to this
June 8-26, 1520	Field of the Cloth of Gold held between King Henry VIII and King Francis I of France. By one French account it apparently turned sour for Henry when he lost a wrestling match with Francis.	Political results were very small. Relations between the two countries worsened soon after the event when Cardinal Thomas Wolsey arranged an alliance with Charles V, who declared war on France later that year.
July 10, 1520	King Henry VIII meets Emperor Charles V at Gravelines
January 28 - May 25,1521	The Diet of Worms Charles V presides over a general assembly of the estates of the Holy Roman Empire (Worms is a small town on the Rhine River in what is now Germany).	Martin Luther is summoned to renounce or reaffirm his views. He confronts Charles, who declares him an outlaw and tries to arrest him, but Luther disappears into exile.
May 17, 1521	Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, executed for high treason.
August 15, 1521	Treaty of Bruges Secret treaty between Emperor Charles V and King Henry VIII providing for a joint invasion of France before March 1523.	Did not materialise. English staged campaign (autumn 1523), and with minimal help from Charles got nowhere
October 11, 1521	Pope Leo X grants King Henry VIII the title of 'Defender of the Faith'
October 1521	A marriage between James Butler, Earl of Ormonde & Anne Boleyn is proposed
1522	Treaty of Windsor Treaty between England and the Holy Roman Empire. Was to include a marriage between Princess Mary Tudor and the Emperor, Charles V.	Broken in 1525.
November 1521	Anne Boleyn is recalled to England
March 1522	Anne Boleyn made her debut in court & plays 'Perseverance' while Mary Boleyn plays 'Kindness" in a court pageant	Mary Tudor was 'Beauty' & Jane Parker (George Boleyn's future wife) was 'Constancy'
July 24, 1524	Queen Claude (wife of Francis I) dies
February 24, 1525	The Battle of Pavia The Habsburg army defeats the French and King Francis I is captured by Charles V & forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid	Upon his return to France, however, Francis argued that his agreement with Charles was made under duress and also claimed that the agreement was void, as his sons had still been taken hostage suggesting his word alone was not trusted, and he repudiated it.
c. 1524	King Henry VIII no longer shares Queen Katherine of Aragon's bed because she is past childbearing age.	Katherine is aged 39 and Henry is 33
c.1525	Katherine Howard is born	Tenth child and youngest daughter of Edmund Howard, second son of Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk
Jun 18, 1525	Henry Fitzroy, illegitimate son of Henry VIII, is created Duke of Richmond. Thomas Boleyn is created Viscount Rochford.
1526	German-born artist Hans Holbein the Younger first visits England
February 1526	King Henry VIII starts courting Anne Boleyn	Henry is aged 35 & Anne 25 (in accordance with to a birth date of 1501)
July, 1526	Charles V marries Isabella of Portugal, spurning young Mary	Charles needed a wife and could not afford to wait for Mary to grow up. Isabella brought a vast dowry and promise of future land conquests. Henry takes his anger out on Katherine.
1527	Treaty of Westminster. Treaty between King Henry VIII of England and Francis I of France against Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire
May 6, 1527	German and Spanish troops under Emperor Charles V sack Rome, Pope Clement VII is taken prisoner
May 17, 1527	Ecclesiastical court established at Westminster to hear King Henry VIII's arguments requesting an annulment of his marriage to Queen Katherine of Aragon
May 21, 1527	Prince Phillip of Spain is born to Emperor Charles V and Queen Isabella	Only legitimate son of the Emperor, future husband of Princess Mary
June 22, 1527	King Henry VIII tells Queen Katherine of Aragon he doubts the validity of their marriage	After 18 years of marriage, Henry decides that the biblical scripture that says a couple would be childless if a man married his brother's widow was the reason they had no living son. Katherine states that her union with his brother was never consummated & she had borne him children, but Henry's mind is made up.
September 1527	King Henry VIII asks the Pope for an annulment
September 29, 1528	Cardinal Campeggio sent by Pope to hear Henry VIII's case
May 31, 1529	Legatine court opens at Black Friars
June 21, 1529	King Henry VIII and Queen Katherine of Aragon (along with Cardinal Thomas Wolsey) appear before the legatine court.	Katherine kneels before the king and begs for "pity and compassion" and declared that she was a virgin when she married him. Henry VIII delivers a speech outlining his scruples about his marriage.
August 3, 1529	Treaty of Cambrai also called the Paix des Dames (The Ladies' Peace) because it was negotiated by Louise of Savoy , mother of King Francis & regent in his absence, and Margaret of Austria, aunt of Emperor Charles & regent of the Netherlands	Agreement ending one phase of the wars between King Francis I of France and Emperor Charles V, temporarily confirming Spanish (Habsburg) control in Italy.
August 1529	Sir Thomas More, on the continent, helps negotiate a general peace between all the major players in Europe.	The peace will hold for fifteen years
1529	The "Sweating Sickness" hits Europe	100,000 die. This was the 4th virulent episode. France was spared.
October 17, 1529	Henry VIII strips Cardinal Wolsey of his titles of office.	This was due to his failure to secure an annulment of his marriage to Katherine from the Pope.
October 26, 1529	Sir Thomas More appointed Lord Chancellor of England to replace Cardinal Wolsey
December 8, 1529	Sir Thomas Boleyn created Earl of Wiltshire
June 1530	King Henry VIII convenes a meeting of lords and prelates to sign a letter to Pope Clement asking that he grant the king's request for an annulment of his marriage	Sir Thomas More does not sign the document.
July 4, 1530	Eleanor of Habsburg (Charles V's favourite sister) marries Francis I	as part of "the Ladies' Peace" treaty
September 1530	King Henry VIII issues a proclamation preventing enforcement of any papal bull inconsistent with his own view concerning the unlawfulness of his present marriage	Sir Thomas More openly expresses his disagreement with Henry's action, believing it to be a direct attack on the authority of Rome.
November 29, 1530	Cardinal Thomas Wolsey dies at Leicester while en route to London to be executed.	He had begun a secret plot to have Anne Boleyn forced into exile and he began communication with Katherine and the Pope, to that end. When this was discovered, Henry ordered Wolsey's arrest
c. 1531	Joyce Culpeper, mother of Katherine Howard, dies	Since Katherine's father Edmund Howard did not have the means to raise his ten children he sent them off to wealthier relatives, Katherine was sent to live with her step-grandmother Agnes Tilney
Early 1531	An angry King Henry VIII summons the clergy to Westminster, where he demands reimbursement for the costs of sending a delegation to Rome after it failed to achieve its goal of securing an annulment of his marriage.	Henry also demands that he be recognized as the "sole protector and supreme head of the English Church and clergy." In the Parliament, John Fisher, the Bishop of Rochester, expresses strong disagreement with giving this new title to Henry.
February 11, 1531	Parliament first recognises King Henry VIII as the Supreme Head of the Church of England	Henry was the first monarch to break with the Roman Catholic Church.
March 1531	Sir Thomas More tells the House of Lords that King Henry VIII is seeking annulment of his marriage not "out of love for some lady," but for reasons of conscience.
Late May, 1531	A group of royal councilors meets with Queen Katherine of Aragon and unsuccessfully urges her to drop her opposition to the annulment of her marriage to King Henry VIII.
July 14, 1531	King Henry VIII and Queen Katherine of Aragon separate and he banishes her from court
March 1532	Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex acting on behalf of the king, moves to limit the authority of the Church (and Sir Thomas More) to punish heretics.
Early May 1532	Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex prepares a bill to transfer powers of the Church to Parliament. Cromwell also asks that the bishops be denied their longstanding authority to arrest heretics--an action that Sir Thomas More cannot stomach.
May 15, 1532	In accord with king's demands, the clergy submits, thus accepting that all ecclesiastical law required royal consent. The submission effectively makes King Henry VIII the head of the Church of England.
May 16, 1532	Sir Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor	Henry tells More, "For your service you have done me, you will find me a good and gracious lord..."
May 30, 1532	Thomas Harding burnt at the stake for heresy in Chesham	one of the last of the Lollards to be persecuted in England
September 1, 1532	Anne Boleyn created Marchioness of Pembroke	Anne accompanies Henry on a state visit to Calais, France
September, 1532	major riots in Zurich and Wittenburg begin the iconoclasm in Reformation Germany	Statues and images of Saints are destroyed in order to comply with Lutheran doctrine, it was actions such as this that gave Evangelicals the name Protestants
November 15, 1532	Pope Clement VII threatens King Henry VIII with excommunication if he does not leave Anne and return to his lawful wife Katherine
January 25, 1533	Henry & Anne Boleyn marry in a secret ceremony
March 30, 1533	Thomas Cranmer is appointed Archbishop of Canterbury.
May 23, 1533	Archbishop Thomas Cranmer declares the marriage of King Henry VIII and Queen Katherine of Aragon to be invalid	Even threatening Henry with excommunication if he visited Katherine
May 28, 1533	Thomas Cranmer validates King Henry VIII& Anne Boleyn's marriage
1533 - 1536	Anne Boleyn Queen Consort	3 years "a thousand days"
June 1, 1533	Coronation of Anne Boleyn
Summer 1533	Sir Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex begins an investigation into the activities of Sir Thomas More
June 8, 1533	Parliament extinguishes Papal authority in England
June 25, 1533	Mary Tudor, younger sister of Henry VIII, dies at Westhorpe, Suffolk.
July 10, 1533	It is reported that Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk and George Boleyn, caught up with the French court. While they were there both the Earl of Surrey and Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond became violently sick, at the same time. Richmond was so ill, that for a while, it was feared he might die.	The boys had shared a cup of wine and the physicians thought the symptoms were characteristic of poisoning. Because the wine had been shared, Richmond had not taken enough to kill him. George Boleyn was found to have departed immediately the boys became ill, leaving all his luggage and entourage behind. Later, George Boleyn's wife, Jane Boleyn stated that Anne and her brother had tried to poison the Duke of Richmond and Princess Mary Tudor.
July 11, 1533	Pope Clement VII excommunicates King Henry VIII & his advisers (including Thomas Cranmer)
September 7, 1533	Anne Boleyn gives birth to Princess Elizabeth Tudor
November 25, 1533	Henry Fitzroy, Henry VIII's illegitimate son, marries Mary Howard (daughter of Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk) Anne Boleyn is said to have worked for this pairing
February 1534	Parliament enacts the Act of Annates, which provides that bishops in England will be selected by the king. Parliament also indicts Elizabeth Barton for treason by a Bill of Attainder. A bill drafted by Sir Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex identifies Bishop Fisher and Sir Thomas More as among her accomplices.	Cromwell requests More visit him for an informal meeting on the issues of the king's marriage annulment and papal supremacy More reaffirms his belief in papal supremacy based, he claims, on a writing of Henry himself. He adheres to a policy of silence on the matter of the king's marriage
March 5, 1534	Sir Thomas More writes letters to Henry VIII and Thomas Cromwell stating his loyalty to the king, denying any conspiracy with Barton, and expressing his desire to see the king's interests furthered.	The same month More is called to appear before the king's commissioners. The commissioners threaten More, and call him a "villainous" servant, but depart without taking action against him.
March 23, 1534	Parliament passes the Act of Succession. Only children of King's marriage to Anne Boleyn are his lawful heirs	The Act also specifies various offenses, such as "derogating" the royal family, to be treasonous. Most significantly for More, the Act also requires all of the king's subjects to take an oath promising to maintain "the whole effects and contents of the present Act."
March,1534	Pope Clement VII declares the marriage between Henry VIII and Katherine valid
April 12, 1534	While leaving church, Sir Thomas More is handed a summons to appear before the king's commissioners at Lambeth Palace and take the oath of succession.
April 13, 1534	Sir Thomas More leaves Chelsea for Lambeth after telling his family he will likely be imprisoned. At Lambeth, More, when asked to take the oath, requests to see both it and the Act of Succession. More tells the commissioners that although he will deny nothing contained in the oath, he would not swear to it	Asked a second time to take the oath after being threatened with imprisonment, More again refuses to do so--and also refuses to explain why he refuses to take the oath. More is turned over to the Abbot of Westminster, who keeps him for four days
April 17, 1534	Sir Thomas More is imprisoned in the Tower of London
Apr 20, 1534	Elizabeth Barton, known as the "Nun of Kent" is executed for high treason at Tyburn.
May 11, 1534	King Henry VIII makes peace with Scotland
July, 1534	Anne Boleyn delivers a stillborn baby
September 25, 1534	Pope Clement VII dies
October 13, 1534	Alessandro Farnese, Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia becomes Pope Paul III
November 1534 - Early 1535	A bill is introduced, and later enacted, called the Act of Supremacy, which declares Henry to be the supreme head of the Church of England	Also, Parliament considers, and eventually enacts, the Treason Act which makes it a capital offense to "maliciously wish, will, or desire, by words or writing" to deny to members of the royal family their "dignity, title, or name of their royal estates." Parliament also targets More with and Act of Attainder for "intending to sow sedition" by his refusal to take the oath.
Christmas 1534	Henry discusses with Cranmer and Cromwell the chances of leaving Anne Boleyn without having to return to Katherine of Aragon
January 15, 1535	King Henry VIII assumes the title "Supreme Head of the Church."
May 2, 1535	Sir Thomas More meets with Cromwell and four others in a room at the Tower. He was told that Henry VIII demanded his opinion on the recently enacted Act of Supremacy.	More said that he refused to "meddle" in such affairs. Although told that the king would be merciful if he consented to the Act, More says that his whole concern now is for his living the best possible Christian life.
Late May 1535	King Henry VIII is angered to learn that the Pope has made Bishop Fisher, an outspoken opponent of his marriage to Anne Boleyn, a cardinal.
June 3, 1535	Sir Thomas More appears for a third interrogation before Cromwell and other councilors of the king. He is asked to give an oath to the supremacy of Henry as head of the Church of England, but he remains silent.
June 1535	Solicitor-General Richard Rich visits More's cell and takes away his books and writing materials. Rich later will testify that during the course of his visit, More, in responding to a hypothetical question, suggested that Parliament had no more power to enact the Act of Supremacy than it did to pass a law declaring God not to be God.	More's statement, if actually made, would violate the Treason Act because it denied the king's title as the supreme head of the Church. (More later denies ever making any such statement to Rich.) Two days later, More is questioned by official investigators--a sort of preliminary hearing for his trial.
June 22, 1535	Five days after being convicted of treason, John Fisher is beheaded on Tower Hill.
June 26, 1535	A special commission is established to hear the case of Sir Thomas More
June 28, 1535	A 2000-word indictment accusing Sir Thomas More of treason is presented to the special commission.
June 1535	Anne Boleyn has a miscarriage	Rumoured & not all historians record this
July 1, 1535	Sir Thomas More is tried for treason in Westminster Hall. More pleads "not guilty,"After one hour of deliberation, the jury of twelve men finds More guilty.
July 5, 1535	Sir Thomas More's wife, Alice, visits her husband in the Tower. He gives her a letter composed in charcoal for his daughter Margaret. By this time, he also knows that his sentence had been commuted by Henry from disembowelment to beheading.	the transcript of the letter appears on Sir Thomas More's character profile here on the Wiki
July 6, 1535	Execution of Sir Thomas More
September 10, 1535	King Henry VIII visits Sir John Seymour at Wolf Hall, Savernake, Wiltshire. He meets his daughter, Jane Seymour for the first time.
November 1535	King Henry VIII begins courting Jane Seymour
1536	Act of Union - annexation of Wales and all existing laws to England	Current borders between England and Wales are established, marcher lordships are abolished, English becomes the only permissible language for public office
1536	Katherine Howard starts an intimate relationship with music teacher Henry Manox	During her adultery trail both Katherine and Manox confessed to having a sexual relationship but without intercourse
January 7, 1536	Death of Queen Katherine of Aragon
January 8, 1536	Both Henry & Anne appear in joyful yellow from top to toe and 16 month old Princess Elizabeth is paraded triumphantly in Church that Sunday morning
January 24, 1536	King Henry VIII's horse falls heavily in the tilt-yard at Greenwich knocking him unconscious for 2 hours
January 29, 1536	Anne Boleyn delivers a stillborn son	The Aragonese Faction which supported Mary, The Seymour Faction & Thomas Cromwell joined in mobilising against the Boleyns
January 29, 1536	Queen Katherine of Aragon buried at Peterborough Abbey
February , 1536	Rumours start circulating about the future of Anne Boleyn & Jane Seymour amongst the foreign ambassadors
March, 1536	Henry sends Jane Seymour a letter & a purse of sovereigns. She returns it unopened.	The letter implies a summons to the King's bed. Jane showed her price was now marriage and nothing less.
1536	Hans Holbein the Younger becomes court painter to Henry VIII and paints numerous portraits and drawings of the king and his wives
April, 1536	Jane's brother, Edward Seymour and his wife are moved to rooms which are connected through a secret passage to the king's apartments which allows Henry private access to Jane Seymour
April 30, 1536	Mark Smeaton arrested on suspicion of adultery with the Queen	A confession of guilt is thought to have been tortured out of him.
May 1, 1536	Anne Boleyn is arrested and taken to the Tower of London through Traitor's gate. Sir Henry Norris arrested	Note: Before the early 17th century, Traitor's Gate was simply called the Water Gate.
May 2, 1536	George Boleyn arrested for incest/adultery with the Queen
May 4, 1536	Sir Francis Weston and Sir William Brereton arrested
May 5, 1536	Sir Thomas Wyatt and Sir Richard Page arrested
May 15, 1536	The Trial of Anne Boleyn	It is estimated that some 2000 people attended. Anne conducted herself in a calm and dignified manner, denying all the charges against her
May 16, 1536	Thomas Cranmer sees Anne Boleyn in the Tower and hears her confession.	The following day, he pronounces the marriage of King Henry VIII & Anne Boleyn null and void
May 17, 1536	Mark Smeaton, Henry Norris, Francis Weston, William Brereton and George Boleyn are executed by beheading
May 19, 1536	Anne Boleyn is executed at Tower Green	Henry's last act of "kindness" was to pay for a swordsman from France to behead Anne instead of the usual Axe.
May 20, 1536	Henry VIII betrothed to Jane Seymour
May 30, 1536	Henry & Jane Seymour are married	Henry is aged 45 and Jane is 28 (given that her accepted birth date is 1508)
1536 - 1537	Jane Seymour Queen Consort	16 months
June 4, 1536	Jane Seymour is declared Queen consort
June 22, 1536	Mary Tudor writes to her father accepting her illegitimate status, the annulment of her parents marriage, and her father's position as Supreme Head of the English Church	An action she would regret for the rest of her life.
July 6, 1536	At Jane Seymour's insistence, Mary Tudor meets with her father for the first time since the divorce of her mother.
July 22, 1536	Henry Fitzroy, illegitimate son of Henry VIII, dies of tuberculosis aged 17 years	There had always been the possibility that Fitzroy could have succeeded him, but now Henry VIII was left with only two daughters, both declared illegitimate.
1536 - 1539	Dissolution of the Monasteries - destruction and closure of 560 monasteries religious houses
October, 1536	William Tyndale known as "the father" of the English Bible is burned at the stake in Belgium .	After a decade of alluding capture for his "crime" of publishing the New Testament translated in English. His last words was a prayer that God would "open the eyes" of the King of England
October 1 - 10, 1536	Linolnshire Uprising after the closure of Louth Abbey
October 13, 1536	Pilgrimage of Grace rebellion. Robert Aske led a band of nine thousand followers and they entered and occupied York. Henry authorised Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk to promise a general pardon and a Parliament to be held at York within a year. Trusting in the king's promises, Aske dismissed his followers.	40,000 men marched through England in protest of the Reformation
January 1537	Promises to Aske & his followers were not kept and a new rising took place in Cumberland and Westmoreland	Martial law was imposed upon the rebellious regions, ending the rebellion.
April, 1537	Robert Aske is arrested in London	Aske was convinced to visit the king under the false promise that he would be protected
May 17, 1537	Robert Aske is found guilty of high treason and sentenced to death
May 27, 1537	Trinity Sunday, there was a Te Deum sung in St Paul's cathedral for joy at the queen's (Jane Seymour) quickening of her child, the lord chancellor, lord privy seal and various other lords and bishops being then present; the mayor and aldermen with the best guilds of the city being there in their liveries, all giving laud and praise to God for joy about it.'	Bonfires were lit and celebrations held throughout England; prayers were offered for a safe delivery
May 29, 1537	Pope Paul III enacted the papal bull Sublimus Dei condemning the enslavement of the indigenous people of the Americas so that they may be converted to Catholicism	despite papal condemnation, enslavement of Native Americans continued under the Spanish and Portuguese settlers in the New World
June 28, 1537	Robert Aske is returned to Yorkshire	en route he is paraded through the towns and cities he passed in chains as an example to other rebels
July 12, 1537	Robert Aske is hung from Clifford Tower in York
1537	The Institution of the Christian Man (also called The Bishops' Book), published. It was written by a committee of forty six divines and bishops headed by Thomas Cranmer.	The purpose of the work, along with the Ten Articles of the previous year, was to implement the reforms of Henry VIII in separating from the Roman Catholic Church
October 12, 1537	Birth of Prince Edward
October 15, 1537	Baptism of Prince Edward at Hampton Court
October 23, 1537	King Henry VIII is summoned to his wife's bedside as her last rites are given
October 24, 1537	Jane Seymour dies from illness	Her likely cause of death was puerperal (child bed) fever, a fatal variety of septicemia caused by improper sanitary conditions during labor. She was 29 years old.
1538	Henry VIII authorizes the first publication of "the Great Bible" in English to be read in church services.
1538	Katherine Howard begins relationship with Francis Dereham	Katherine and Dereham called one another "husband and wife"
1539	Treaty of Toledo Francis I & Charles V agree not to ally with Henry VIII unless by mutual agreement
February 6, 1539	Death of John III "the Peaceful", father of Anne of Cleves	Anne's brother William becomes the Duke of Cleves at age 22
March 1539	Negotiations begin for a marriage between Henry VIII and Anne of Cleves
October 4, 1539	Marriage treaty between Henry VIII and Anne of Cleves signed.
December 27, 1539	Anne of Cleves' ship lands at Deal
January 1, 1540	Henry VIII pays a surprise visit to his wife-to-be at Rochester	the visit did not go well, afterwards the king told Cromwell he "liked her not"
1540	Anne of Cleves Queen Consort	6 months
January 6, 1540	Henry VIII and Anne of Cleves marry
April 1540	Henry VIII begins courting Katherine Howard	Katherine is currently serving Anne of Cleves.
April 17, 1540	Thomas Cromwell is created the Earl of Essex
April 24, 1540	Henry grants lands, confiscated from a felon, to Katherine Howard	First recorded indication of Henry's affection for Katherine
June 10, 1540	Thomas Cromwell is arrested for high treason
June 24, 1540	Anne of Cleves is commanded by Henry VIII to leave court and is sent to Richmond Palace	Henry's reason for sending Anne away was concern over a plague outbreak
July 6, 1540	Anne of Cleves is informed of her husband's decision to reconsider their marriage
July 8, 1540	Henry VIII abolished all books containing heresy
July 9, 1540	Marriage between Henry VIII and Anne of Cleves annulled	Surviving her marriage better than any wife before her, Anne is made an honorary "sister" to the King and receives Hever castle, the former home of Anne Boleyn.
1540 - 1542	Katherine Howard Queen Consort	19 months
July 28, 1540	Henry VIII and Katherine Howard are married Execution of Thomas Cromwell	Henry is aged 49 and Katherine 15.
September 27, 1540	Pope Paul III allows the creation of the Society of Jesus, also known as the Jesuits
August 27, 1541	Katherine Howard appoints Francis Dereham as her private secretary	Dereham was an ex-lover of Katherine's. This appointment will later spell doom for both the Queen and Dereham.
October 18, 1541	Margaret Tudor dies in Scotland
November 1, 1541	Henry VIII is informed of Katherine's adultery.	After which, he threatens to kill her himself.
November 12, 1541	Katherine Howard is arrested
November 22, 1541	Katherine Howard is stripped of her title as Queen, she is taken to Syon House Middlesex for her imprisonment
December 10, 1541	Thomas Culpepper and Francis Dereham are executed for high treason	Culpepper was aided in his affair with Katherine by Jane Boleyn, Lady Rochford, right under the King's nose. Years earlier, reports that Dereham and Katherine were secretly wed to each before she married the King condemned the Queen's secretary.
1542	Crown of Ireland Act - Irish Parliament declares Henry VIII and his descendants (the kings of England) King of Ireland	The position of King of Ireland was abolished after the passage of The Republic of Ireland Act in 1948, however the Crown of Ireland Act was not repealed until the Republic of Ireland passed the Pre-Union Statues Act in 1962. The English monarch is still recognized today in Northern Ireland which is part of the United Kingdom.
January 21, 1542	Parliament passes the bill of attainder which declares the intent to commit treason punishable by death	This seals Katherine Howard's fate, Henry signed the bill into law on February 11th and scheduled her execution for the 13th
February 10, 1542	Katherine Howard arrives at the Tower of London
February 13, 1542	Katherine Howard is executed for adultery and treason Jane Rochford is executed for treason	Katherine was aged approximately 18.
July 21, 1542	Pope Paul III establishes the "Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman Inquisition" whose mission was to combat the spread of Protestants in Italy	The Roman Inquisition, as it was later known, would last to the mid nineteenth century and was famous for trying Galileo Galilei for his scientific theories and writings.
December 8, 1542	Mary, Queen of Scots is born to James V of Scotland (King Henry VIII's nephew - son of Margaret Tudor) and Mary of Guise	The six or seven-day-old Mary became Queen of Scotland when her father died at the age of 30.
March 2, 1543	Lord Latimer, Catherine Parr's husband, dies	Latimer was Catherine's second husband
July 1, 1543	The Treaty of Greenwich between England & Scotland	6 month old Mary Queen of Scots is promised in marriage to Prince Edward Tudor son of King Henry VIII
1543	Hans Holbein the Younger dies from the plague
1543	The Necessary Doctrine and Erudition for Any Christian Man, (also known as the King's Book) was published and attributed to King Henry VIII.	It was a revision of The Institution of the Christian Man, and defended transubstantiation and the Six Articles. It also encouraged preaching and attacked the use of images.
1543	Nicolas Copernicus' book On the Revolution of Heavenly Spheres is first published in Nuremburg	Copernicus' theory that the Earth revolved around the sun and not vice versa put him in the bad opinion of the Catholic Church (who said it went against God's Holy Word to say such) and monarchs (who reasoned that Copernicus' findings meant that if Earth was not the center of the universe, then their kingdoms were not, then they were not the center, either).
1543 - 1547	Catherine Parr Queen Consort	3 and half years
July 12, 1543	Henry VIII and Catherine Parr marry	This is Catherine's third marriage. Both of her previous marriages were to much older men. In many ways, she is as much of a caretaker and companion to Henry as she is his wife.
July 14, 1543	The Third Succession Act passed by Parliament, restored Mary and Elizabeth to the succession after Edward and his potential offspring
September 9, 1543	Nine month old Mary is crowned Queen of Scots	The Treaties of Greenwich fell apart soon after Mary's coronation. The betrothal did not sit well with the Scots, especially since Henry VIII suspiciously tried to change the agreement so that he could possess Mary years before the marriage was to take place. He also wanted them to break their traditional alliance with France. Fearing an uprising among the people, the Scottish Parliament broke off the treaty and the engagement at the end of the year.
May 1544	Thomas Wriothesley becomes Lord Chancellor	succeeded the more moderate Lord Audrey
July 7, 1544	Queen Catherine Parr is appointed Regent of England during the King's absence while he leads troops in France
September 14, 1544	King Henry VIII's forces captures Boulogne
February 27, 1545	Battle of Ancrum Moor English defeated by the Scots at Ancrum Moor
July 19, 1545	sinking of the Mary Rose after engaging the French near Portsmouth	Henry VIII's favorite warship, named after his sister, Mary Tudor.
December 13, 1545	Pope Paul III convenes the Council of Trent	One of the most important councils of the Roman Catholic Church in response to the Protestant Reformation.
April 24, 1546	Henry VIII charters the English Navy
January 28, 1547	Death of Henry VIII, Edward the Prince of Wales succeeds him
January 30, 1547	Edward Seymour declared Lord Protector of England	Elder brother of Jane Seymour.

1547 - 1553	King Edward VI Reigns	6 and half years
February 20, 1547	Coronation of King Edward VI
May 4, 1547	Catherine Parr and Sir Thomas Seymour are secretly wed	At this time, Princess Elizabeth and Lady Jane Grey are also living with Catherine Parr.
September 10, 1547	"Black Saturday", the Scots suffered a bitter defeat by the English Led by Somerset at the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh
August 30, 1548	Birth of Mary Seymour, daughter of Catherine Parr	Both parents are thrilled by the birth of the child, even though she is a girl.
September 5, 1548	Death of Catherine Parr	She is 36 year old.
January 15, 1549	Act of Uniformity passes House of Lords which outlaws Catholic Mass and introduces the Book of Common Prayer	Edward's sister Mary will defy this law all through her brother's reign.
January 16, 1549	Thomas Seymour is arrested for treason and sent to the Tower of London	This is for his scheming to marry the Princess Elizabeth and to arrange the King to marry Lady Jane Grey, he also planned to usurp his brother as Lord Protector and kidnap King Edward
March 20, 1549	Thomas Seymour is executed for treason	Princess Elizabeth shows no emotion at his passing. She and her household will be severely interrogated over the Seymour scandal. As a result to the smear on her character, Elizabeth takes up modest Protestant garb and the persona of Edward's "Sweet Sister Temperance."
May 20, 1549	Act of Uniformity passes Parliament which forbids other prayer books
June - August 1549	Western Rebellion Rising in the West of England against the Prayer Book and King Edward VI's religious policies. Ended at the Battle of Samford Courtenay
August 18,1549	Battle of Samford Courtenay Defeat of the western rebels by Lord John Russell near Okehampton.
January 22, 1552	Edward Seymour is executed based on trumped up charges of treason	Heading the effort to get rid of Seymour is John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland. Dudley later marries his son, Guildford, to Lady Jane Grey, in an attempt to rule England through her.
April 1552	King Edward is ill with a double infection of smallpox and measles	The king survives but the attack severely weakens his immune system
February 1553	King Edward calls off his procession of the southern counties due to his rapidly declining health
June 21, 1553	King Edward VI signs a statement naming Lady Jane Grey as his successor	In doing this, Edward proclaims his sisters to be bastards, and establishes the granddaughter of Charles Brandon and Mary Tudor (sister of Henry VIII) as the future queen.
July 6, 1553	Edward VI dies	The announcement of the King's passing is delayed. Both to the King's sister are invited to court, but both are most likely informed or sense moves against them, and do not come.
July 10, 1553	Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen of England	"The 9 days Queen"
July 19, 1553	Forces loyal to Princess Mary disperse Suffolk's troops and Lady Jane Grey is imprisoned in the Tower of London
August 3, 1553	Princess Mary and her supporters enter London in triumph	Princess Elizabeth and Anne of Cleves came to London in support of Mary
August 22, 1553	John Dudley, the Duke of Northumberland, is executed for treason	Northumberland was instrumental in the plot to place Jane Grey on the throne instead of Mary Tudor
August 23, 1553	Bishop Stephen Gardiner is created Lord Chancellor of England after his release from the Tower of London
October 1, 1553	Coronation of Queen Mary I
1553 - 1559	Queen Mary I reigns	6 years
October 5, 1553	Mary holds her first Parliament which rules the marriage of Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon legitimate
November 14, 1553	Queen Mary pardons Lady Jane Grey	Jane and her husband remains held in the Tower
January 22, 1554	Sir Thomas Wyatt's army occupies Rochester	Thomas Wyatt the Younger, son of Thomas Wyatt the Elder and Poet.
February 7, 1554	Sir Thomas Wyatt surrenders
February 12, 1554	Execution of Lady Jane Grey and her husband, Guildford Dudley
March 18, 1554	Princess Elizabeth is arrested and taken to the Tower of London
April 1554	Parliment passes the renewed heresy laws which permits the sentence of death by burning
May 19, 1554	Princess Elizabeth is released from the Tower and placed under house arrest at Woodstock	This release date is 18 years to the day that Elizabeth's mother, Anne Boleyn, made her final walk from the Tower and was beheaded.
July 12, 1554	Prince Philip sets sail for England
July 23, 1554	Prince Philip of Spain arrives in Winchester and meets his bride for the first time
July 25, 1554	Queen Mary and Prince Philip of Spain are married	Mary is 38 years-old while Phillip is 27
September, 1554	The royal physician announces that the queen is pregnant	The pregnancy is the first of two "phantom pregnancies" in which Mary experienced the symptoms of pregnancy yet no child was actually conceived
November 1554	Parliment passes the Second Act of Repeal which voided all religious laws past after 1529	In other words, the Reformation of Henry VIII was reversed
February 4, 1555	John Rogers is burned at the stake, he was the first to be sentenced under the renewed heresy laws
February 9, 1555	John Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester is burned at the stake for heresy
March 8, 1555	Queen Mary grants charter to establish Holy Trinity College at Oxford
October 16, 1555	Bishops Ridley and Latimer are burned at the stake for heresy
November 12, 1555	Stephen Gardiner, Lord Chancellor of England dies
January 16, 1556	As a result of his father's abdication, Phillip becomes King Philip II of Spain	Phillip would not reside in Spain until 1558
February 5, 1556	Treaty of Vaucelles signed between Philip II of Spain and Henry II of France	The treaty was soon broken and war between the two nations resumed with the threat of England joining against France under Phillip's influence as king consort
February 14, 1556	Archbishop Thomas Cranmer is degraded from office
March 21, 1556	Thomas Cranmer is burned at the stake for heresy	Cranmer helped Henry VIII to divorce Katherine of Aragon, Mary's mother.
April, 1556	Cardinal Reginald Pole is made Archbishop of Canterbury
February 27, 1557	Queen Mary receives Osep Nepea the first Russian ambassador to England
June 7, 1557	England declares war on France
July 16, 1557	Anne of Cleves dies
January 7, 1558	The French capture Calais from the English	Calais had been English territory for 200 years. With the loss of Calais, England also lost its only home port on the Continent.

April 24, 1558	Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots the Dauphin Francois at Notre Dame cathedral in Paris
summer 1558	Protestant exile John Knox first published his pamphlet "The first Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women" a diatribe against women rulers as "unnatural"	The target of Knox's work were specifically Catholic female monarchs such as Mary Tudor of England and Mary Stuart of France and Scotland. Despite this, and the fact it was written before her reign, Queen Elizabeth I took his claims as a personal insult and denied Knox passage back to his native Scotland in 1559.
November 17, 1558	Death of Queen Mary, Princess Elizabeth succeeds her	The transition from Mary to Elizabeth is peaceful.
November 23, 1558	Elizabeth begins her royal progress into London
December 14, 1558	Mary I buried at Westminster Abbey
January 13, 1559	Coronation of Queen Elizabeth I
1559 - 1603	Queen Elizabeth I Reigns	44 years
February 1559	The Roman Inquisition publishes The Index of Forbidden Books	Several English Reformist authors were on the list including Thomas Cranmer, Miles Coverdale, William Tyndale, John Wycliff, Nicolas Ridley and Hugh Latimer.
March 12, 1559	Elizabeth makes peace with France
May 8, 1559	Act of Uniformity signed by Queen Elizabeth
June 11, 1560	Marie de Guise, Regent of Scotland dies James Stewart, illegitimate son of King James V takes over the administration of Scotland	Marie de Guise was the mother of Mary Queen of Scots and ruled in her daughter's absence
September 8, 1560	Amy Robsart, wife of Robert Dudley found dead	Rumors spread that the queen had a part in Lady Dudley's death
December 5, 1560	Death of King Francois II of France	Mary loses the French crown, her mother-in-law, Catherine de'Medici, became regent of France because her son Charles IX is too young to rule
February 15, 1564	Galileo Galilei is born in Tuscany	Astronomer, mathematician, physicist, and philosopher who would play a major role in the scientific revolution
April 26, 1564	William Shakespeare is baptised in Stratford-upon-Avon
July 29, 1565	Mary, Queen of Scots marries Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
September 8, 1565	Spanish admiral Pedro Menendez de Aviles founds St. Augustine, Florida	The oldest city in the United States 21 years before English settlers first founded the colony in Roanoke, Virginia
June 19, 1566	Mary, Queen of Scots gives birth to Prince James
February 10, 1567	Lord Darnley is murdered	It is rumoured that Mary, Queen of Scots played a role in her husband's disposal
July 24, 1567	Mary, Queen of Scots is forced to abdicate her throne	Her son James succeeds her as King James VI of Scotland
April 27, 1570	Pope Pius V issues a papal bull against Elizabeth, thus excommunicating her.	The bull against Elizabeth forgave all of her subjects for rejecting her as queen or for seeking her removal from the throne. However, Elizabeth's popularity remained high.
October 7, 1571	Battle of Lepanto - the Ottoman fleet is defeated by the Holy League, bringing the Empire's Western expansion to a halt	First time the Ottomans were defeated in a major naval battle since the 15th century
1572	Treaty of Blois Treaty between England and France.	The English hoped thereby to isolate Spain and to prevent France invading Flanders.
August 24, 1572	A number of Protestant leaders are murdered during the St. Bartholemew's Day Massacre in Paris	French Protestants gain sympathy across Europe, especially in England, but Elizabeth refused to enter England into another war with France
April 4, 1581	Sir Francis Drake is knighted by Queen Elizabeth	After having completed the first complete circumnavigation of the world by an Englishman
June 4, 1584	Sir Walter Raleigh establishes a colony on Roanoke Island, named Virginia after the Queen	The first English child to be born in North America, Virginia Dare, at Roanoke is named after the colony and Queen, too.
July 22, 1587	151 English settlers arrive on Roanoke Island, Virginia	Years later, they all disappear without a trace. The single word "croatoan" etched hastily is the only clue as to their whereabouts. The colony is a failure.
February 8, 1587	Execution of Mary Queen of Scots	Elizabeth was reluctant to put her cousin to death.
July 26, 1588	4,000 men gather at West Tilbury to fight the Spanish	At some point Elizabeth addressed her forces delivering her famous speech at Tilbury, although some historians question this event.
July 29, 1588	The Spanish Armada is spotted off the English coast, the larger English fleet led by Lord Charles Howard intercepts and the fleets engage
August 8, 1588	Defeat of the Spanish Armada
December 22, 1590	King James VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark marry
April 6, 1590	Sir Francis Walsingham dies
January 28, 1596	The Water Closet is invented by Sir John Harington	first flushing toilet, although it had few initial buyers
August 4, 1598	Sir William Cecil, Lord Burghley dies in London
February 8, 1600	Essex's Rebellion
April 1600	William Adams became the first Englishman to visit Japan and later welcomed to the court of Tokugawa Ieyasu	Tokugawa was so impressed with Adams' intellect and knowledge of shipbuilding that he appointed him his personal adviser in Western civilization and an honorary samurai, the first westerner ever to hold such an honor
March 24, 1603	Death of Queen Elizabeth I, King James VI of Scotland succeeds her	End of the Tudor dynasty
late March 1603	Union of the Crowns - Act that proclaimed the kingdoms of Scotland and England would have a shared monarch but remain separate states	In 1604 James would declare himself "King of Great Britain", it was later in the Stuart dynasty in 1707 that the union of Great Britain was created
July 25 1603	Coronation of King James I	James Stuart (who became James I of England) was the great-grandson of Margaret Tudor and the son of Mary Queen of Scots, Margaret's granddaughter. His father, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley was also a grandson of Margaret Tudor. Therefore, James was descended from the House of Tudor from both parents.
June 29, 1613	Shakespeare's Henry VIII (alternative title, All is True) is performed at the Globe Theatre in London	During a scene in which a canon was fired for special effects, the thatched roof caught fire and the theatre burned down.

Team Anne & Team Kitty Joint Page

Neta07 — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 17:09:53 CST

This Page is dedicated to two cousins who ended up being 2 very important Queens and Victims in Henry's reign.

The Teams

Team Dormer/Anne Boleyn
Team Merchant/Katherine Howard

- Do you have any idea's for this joint page? Contact one of the Team Leaders of either team -

POLL

FEATURED VIDEO:
Forgotten: Anne Boleyn & Katherine Howard
by LNor19

Photo Album of Anne Boleyn And Katherine Howard

TO ADD PICS OF
ANNE AND KITTY

1. Go to the Team Anne & Kitty Joint Page album then click on the "Add Photos to This Album" at the top left of the page.
2. The "Add Photo" dialog box will appear.

3. Choose the location of the photo to upload or search for a photo using the "Search Yahoo! Images" link in the upper right corner.

a. too add a photo that's on your computer, select the "On my Computer" option, and then click on the "Browse" button to navigate to the photo's location on your hard drive.

b. To add a photo from another website, click on the "Add From URL' button and paste the complete address of the photo
(Example:http://www.wetpaint.com/images/sample.jpg)

. Type in a Title and a description for your photo- Then, click "Edit Photo Details"

Similarities Between the 2 women
Picture related to similarity	Similarity
	Both women were nieces of Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk. He supported their relationship with King Henry to increase his own power, but when they fell from grace, he sacrificed them both.
	Both women were betrothed to other men before they caught Henry's eye: Anne to Henry Percy, Katherine to Francis Dereham.
	Both women were ladies-in-waiting to their respective predecessor, Queen Katherine of Aragon and Anne of Cleves, both from other countries than England, whose marriages to Henry were annulled in favor of the lady-in-waiting.
	Both cousins caught the eye of King Henry and caused him to violently fall in love with them.
	Both Anne and Kitty preferred the French hood to the English gable hood favoured by Jane Seymour.
	Both young queens were served by their kinswoman Jane Boleyn, Lady Rochford. Jane helped Anne to get rid of a lady-in-waiting who was about to become Henry's love interest. She also helped Kitty to meet with Thomas Culpepper.
	Both women cared for their younger relatives. Anne took her nephew Henry Carey under her wing and secured him a good education. Kitty took care of Anne's little daughter Elizabeth and often called her "kinswoman".
	Both cousins were accused of adultery with several men, including one relative: Anne with Mark Smeaton, Henry Norris, William Brereton, Francis Weston and her brother George, Kitty with Francis Dereham and her cousin Thomas Culpepper.
	Both women don't have that many portraits in existence. Portraits of Anne seem to have been copies of one portrait not in existence anymore. Historians debate whether Kitty is actually Kitty in her portraits.
	In result of their rise both women made a close friend of Henry's out of favor, with Henry eventually killing his friends.
	Both women never won the favor of Henry's eldest daughter Mary. Mary never respected Anne as in her eyes she "Usurped" the throne of her mother and made her in disfavor with her father. Mary never respected Kitty as she was four years Katherine's senior and never saw the need to call her "Mother".

Differences between the 2 women
Anne's Instance	Pictures	Kitty's Instance
Anne received a formidable education and was very bright.		Kitty didn't receive a proper education and wasn't intellectually fit for the role of the queen.
Anne was a supporter of the Reformation.		Kitty came from the traditionally Catholic Howard family.
When Henry expressed his interest in Anne, she made him wait for six years.		When Henry became interested in Kitty, they got married within six months.
Anne was made a Marquess, then crowned Queen.		Katherine was never made a noble before marriage and was never crowned Queen, as Henry was waiting for her to fulfill the duty of bearing a son.
Anne got pregnant multiple times and gave birth to Elizabeth in 1533.		Katherine never had issue with the King as people thought he was impotent at the time of his marriage.
Anne's charge was trumped up. She didn't commit adultery.		Kitty's charge was founded on evidence, since she had fallen in love with Thomas Culpepper and compromised herself.
For centuries it has been assumed that Jane Rochford was responsible for George and Anne Boleyn's downfall. However, there is no historic proof that she betrayed them.		Jane Rochford's support of Kitty's affair with Thomas Culpepper is documented in a letter Kitty wrote to Thomas. It led to the young queen's downfall, as well as Jane's own.
Anne was beheaded with a sword.		Kitty was beheaded with an axe.
Anne was followed shortly after with a lady-in-waiting, Jane Seymour.		Henry didn't have anyone waiting in the wings so-to-speak when he executed Katherine.

Team Anne & Team Kitty Fan Art
	Created by:Neta07
	Created by:Neta07

Team Anne & Team Kitty Fan Icons
By:Neta07	by:Neta07	by:Neta07	by:Neta07	by:Neta07	by:Neta07

MOVIES about the Tudors

amyburr — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 17:03:15 CST

Tudors Fans Here is a page for you to review & recommend your favourite or not so favourite MOVIES about the Tudor period Want to add to this page? Click EasyEdit to update this page! (Don't see the EasyEdit button above? Sign in or Sign up.)	please stick with the same format & fonts, it makes it easier to read
About the Movie, Actors, Directors	Reviews & Recommendations

"Anne of the Thousand Days" (1969)
Directed by Charles Jarrott
Written by Bridget Boland (adapted from the play by Maxwell Anderson)
Starring: Richard Burton, Genevieve Bujold, Anthony Quayle, Irene Papas, William Squire

Probably my favorite movie about the Tudor period, "Anne of the Thousand Days" is a wonderful adaptation of Maxwell Anderson's play with all the pageantry one expects for such an epic movie. The film was created just before Hollywood went on a Tudor binge of movies set during the period, in fact many of the costumes were reused in later movies. This film was perhaps the first to show a side of Anne Boleyn that had not been shown before - a woman ahead of her time, a mother, a lover (not adulterer). Anne's personality is toned down, she's feisty and ambitious (one of the best lines is when she states power is as seductive as love) and delivers witty lines but her darker side is not shown. There are of course historical inaccuracies (Mary at her mother's deathbed) and perpetuation of historical rumours (like Mary Boleyn having mothered Henry's children) but in all this doesn't detract from the success of the film. Acting is top notch, Bujold and Burton were both nominated for Oscars for their roles as Anne and Henry. In all, a great epic costume drama and it's a shame Hollywood doesn't make them like the used to!
Posted by: Boudica

At a time when movies were branching out, Anne of A thousand days made its mark on the world as a controversial masterpiece which displayed the Anne Boleyn the world had not yet seen portrayed in movies.

Bujold, The french Canadian beauty, plays the feisty mistress Bullen who's name was changed to the french pronunciation Boleyn. She refused to marry the king and spoke back to him many a time, this only flamed the lustful hard headed King of the realm more so.

The costumes and scenery were grand, and the actors playing the men on the privy council were much more accurate than many dashing young babes you see on our screens today.

The only gripe with the film for me personally was the tower scene, when Anne and Henry were arguing, as this is historically inaccurate as was the trial against Anne and George which saw the king come bursting in calling Smeaton a liar for his confession to bedding his Queen. Aside from a few other light accuracies (Mary at her mothers death bed, Mary Boleyn's children being portrayed as the kings official illegitimates) The movie is a spectacular insight to the Queen that reigned for three years and counted the days alone in the tower "1000" Days.

A must see
Posted by Howardfan

I agree it's a must see...Feisty Anne Boylen, at its best for the time it came out, Genevieve does it well!
Posted by: FMFJRMGRL

This movie is probably one of my favorites. I absolutely love Genevieve Bujold. I believe it shows a decent portrayal of the early relationship between Anne and Henry. I don't think she was very taken with him at first and harbored some resentment for the forced breakup between her and Henry Percy. The love affair did grow and she did fall in love.

My only disappointment with the movie was the end....when Anne was walking up to the scaffold, the movie ended. I didn't necessarily expect to see the execution (or want to), but I did want to see Anne give her speech. Felt they let a good opportunity go. I think Bujold would have done an amazing job delivering that speech. But regardless of this, I would recommend it to everyone.

Posted by: offwithherhead

Geneviene Bujold is one of my favorite actresses that played Anne Boleyn.She was wonderful.But I would like to see her in the end give the speech that Anne Boleyn gave.My favorite scene is in the tower when Henry visits her.I know that this is historically inaccurate but I loved the whole thing.When she told Henry " Elizabeth shall be a greater queen than any king of yours......My Elizabeth shall be queen and my blood will have been well spent. I recommend it...

Posted by:BoleynGirl

"Elizabeth" (1998)
Directed by Shekhar Kaptur
Written by Michael Hurst
Starring: Cate Blanchett, Geoffrey Rush, Joseph Fiennes, Christopher Eccleston, Richard Attenborough, Vincent Cassel, Kathy Burke, John Gielgud, James Frain, Daniel Craig, Fanny Ardant

I loved this movie. For years, whenever I thought of Elizabeth, I always felt Glenda Jackson was the ultimate Elizabeth....that is until I saw Cate Blanchett's portrayal. She is Elizabeth and I love the range she brings to the character.

I think that historically it may have lacked some (but what movie doesn't). I came out of that movie wanting more, so I went out and bought a book. While I was watching it, I was entertained. Have watched it several times and I enjoy it every time.

Posted by: offwithherhead

Even though this movie came out in 1998, I did not see it until after reading TOBG. It was yet another reason for me to be intrigued about the true Tudor history vs fictional fancy.

Cate Blanchett is amazing in the role, and looks like what I think many imagine Elizabeth would have looked like. The speculation of Robert Dudley being her lover or not is HEAVY in this movie and the meat of it, I'd say. Geoffery Rush plays a fierce Walsingham, and many others lend themselves as mostly villains against the 'portrayed' victim Elizabeth, just trying to rule her country the best she sees fit.
I thoroughly enjoyed this movie, inaccuracies and all. It's superb in it's acting, costume, and delivery, enough to stand on it's own.

Posted by: Queenmellybee

Cate Blanchett is the best Elizabeth in my opinion.I have watched the film many times....It's perfect

Posted by:BoleynGirl

I agree. She is a great actress.
Posted by: princeedwardfan

"Elizabeth: The Golden Age" (2007)
Directed by Shekhar Kaptur
Written by Michael Hirst and William Nicholson
Starring: Cate Blanchett, Geoffrey Rush, Clive Owen, Abbie Cornish, Samantha Morton, Jordi Molla
Extended Trailer

I went into this movie, knowing that the directors did NOT intend for it to be a 'sequel' to Elizabeth - but with that said, I was thrilled that Elizabeth and Walsingham were being played by the same actors, only aged.
I found this movie to be just as speculating in facts as the last, but slightly more presumptuous. To question a woman's bedfellows is common, but to insinuate that the English were involved in Mary of Guise's death? That was a stretch. The timeline of Mary Stuart's accusation of betrayal + her youthful age in the film are gratingly inaccurate. Maybe my furthered history education has slanted my viewing naivete??
But all that aside, (I was prepared for poetic license) I thought that the acting was excellent, the costume amazing and the overall theme to be better than the first movie - in that it dealt more with Elizabeth's reign and not so much her bed.
A good movie on it's own and a more struggling perspective of the Queen.

Posted by: Queenmellybee

"Elizabeth the golden age"....One of my favorites.Cate is really good in the movie .I love the music, the dresses ,and the actors!!

Posted by:BoleynGirl

Cate Blanchett just seems to literally become Elizabeth. This movie seems to be one of the closest to accuracies than many movies. The costumes, men and women alike, are spectacular, and Cecil! I would definitely recommend this movie, doesn't matter if your not interested in Tudor History, this movie will grab your attention and hold it!

Posted by: Maggie-AnneB.

I think this movie is fantastic. I can't wait to see the last movie of this trilogy on 2017.
Posted by: princeedwardfan

"A Man For All Seasons" (1966)
Directed by Fred Zinnemann
Written by Robert Bolt (adapted from Bolt's play)
Starring: Paul Scofield, Robert Shaw, Orson Wells, Nigel Davenport, Susannah York
Original Theatrical Trailer

I thought Robert Shaw's version of HVIII was very tacky. The silly laugh was way too much. The Thomas More version in this film I found rather annoying, it took him so long to speak...Ughh...
This is not, in my opinion, the best version to see..check out below for "A man for all seasons" with Ray Winstone playing HVIII...
Posted by: FMFJRMGRL

I as well found this movie to be kind of disappointing. Shaw's Henry VIII was over the top - and the outfit (shown on the cover here) was such a tacky inaccurate costume distraction, it subtracted major points for me in itself [even if the scene wasn't long].
I thought that More's character was well played and very pensive, conscientious and true to his ethics. I can understand why HE won an award for the film - but as for the grandiose-ness of the rest of it, I guess it was the best for it's time??
I think that nowadays, film critics standards would be much higher on the costuming, filming, and script levels.
Posted By: Queenmellybee

Hmmm...This is a tricky one for me. The casting was superb, the acting was superb and the play, as a written piece, was also superb.
What isn`t superb, is whats not included in the piece. Anything negative about More is simply airbrushed out of existence, and anyone watching this, really should bear that in mind, however, it beautifully summarises the dilemma faced by More over the Supremacy. Well worth watching for that a lone.
Elliexox

"Mary, Queen of Scots" (1971)
Directed by Charles Jarrott
Written by John Hale
Starring: Vanessa Redgrave, Glenda Jackson, Timothy Dalton, Nigel Davenport, Ian Holm, Trevor Howard
Original Theatrical Trailer

This movie in many ways deserves to be seen as a sequel to "Anne of the Thousand Days": same director, producer, even musical composer, completed two years after the Academy Award winning picture. "Mary" of course takes place 23 years after "Anne of the Thousand Days" ends when most of the characters from the film are long dead. The movie opens with Mary in France with her first husband, King Francis II, who is near an untimely death. Mary returns to Scotland to find her mother dead, her illegitimate brother ruling as regent, her country overrun by Protestants, and Elizabeth "the Bastard" as Queen of England. From there the movie covers the years leading up to Mary's imprisonment in England, which is usually more covered in film and books despite her imprisonment lasting 18 years. The film conveys a Mary that is not evil nor angelic but "a woman who is first a woman" rather than Elizabeth "who is first a monarch". Vanessa Redgrave did an excellent job conveying Mary's dual nature and a Queen who was spoiled, pampered, with no clue how to effectively administrate over Scotland without her brother James holding the strings. Glenda Jackson, who also appeared in "Elizabeth R", also conveys her Queen's personality, fiery temper, and administrative philosophy. A big plus over this movie over Hepburn's "Mary of Scotland" is that it's filmed on location and in color which makes the sumptuous costumes and sets all the more stunning. While not perfect in terms of historical accuracy (Mary and Elizabeth never met in person, despite it being show in almost every film about them) I certainly recommend this movie.
Posted by: Boudica

"Shakespeare in Love" (1999)
Directed by John Madden
Written by Tom Stoppard and Marc Norman
Starring: Joseph Fiennes, Gwyneth Paltrow, Geoffrey Rush, Tom Wilkinson, Colin Firth, Ben Affleck, Dame Judi Dench
Original Theatrical Trailer

It's complete and utter fiction, but very entertaining, good acting and humourous in parts, I like Fiennes as Sgakespeare, he was also a good Robert Dudley in Elizabeth, but why does he always look as if he's wearing eyeliner? lol, very cute and romantic-until you remember Shakespeare had a wife and 3 children. So no Husband of The Year Award for him, but him and Viola are kind of cute together. -hohumpigsbum

"The Other Boleyn Girl" (2008)
Directed by Justin Chadwick
Written by Peter Morgan (adapted from the novel by Phillipa Gregory)
Starring: Scarlett Johansson, Natalie Portman, Eric Bana, Jim Sturgess, Kristin Scott Thomas, David Morrissey, Juno Temple
Offical Theatrical Trailer

For more fan comments see:
The Tudors vs. The Other Boleyn Girl

A glossy mix of famous actors and actresses, pretty scenery and handsome kings and courtiers. This movie was supposed to be based on the best selling book by Philippa Greggory, however the differences between the book and the actual movie portraying the book are longer in in accuracy than the film itself.

The movie displays Mary as a sweet doe eyed virgin (played by the hot Scarlett Johansson) who marries Henry Carey then takes the kings eye after Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII have a "Bad" experience whilst out hunting.

From there on the competition for the kings affections begin, with Anne (played by the lovely Natalie Portman) comes out the winner and is declared queen, who indeed gives Henry a baby and future Queen Elizabeth.

The downfall to this movie is not only the fact that Eric Bana does not portray a likely Henry VIII at all, or that Anne is seen as the spiteful witch who takes over Marys place, while she lay with the kings "alleged son" weeping.
The downfall is the terrible outlay and plot which allows these horrible inaccuracies to take place.

Mary Boleyn was not a virgin when she married Will Carey, she had indeed bedded the king Francis of France but alas the Boleyn girls time in France is not even mentioned in the movie and Anne's accused courtiers barely even get so much as a mention before they are sent to die. Henry Percy is mentioned and the only accurate thing about this film would be his presence at the trial against Anne and George.
George Boleyn is barely given any screen time, the book portrayed him as being in love with Francis Weston, this is not in the movie.

There is no mention of William Carey's death nor Mary Boleyn's first daughter Catherine Carey who was said to be her first daughter. The reality of history is not displayed at all in this movie and the worst scenes that even the soft and open minded would be appalled at are as follows:

Henry rapes Anne, supposedly in 1532 before they wed and this is how Elizabeth is conceived

Anne and Henry despise each other from the grand coronation in 1533 which is completely false

Lastly, in a complete rage and writers mishap
Mary Boleyn runs out of court with the newly declared "bastard" child Elizabeth and lives happily ever after at Rochester with her new man William Stafford who is not handsomely or well portrayed at all.

Unless you already know this is not based on fact i would set yourself up for major disappointment
one will find themselves constantly pointing to the screen and saying "that's not right" "when did that ever happen?"

The only thing i can suggest is that you READ the book first so you can understand the differences AND that you do not take this film seriously or as fact.

Other than that
I would say that this was one of the worst films of 2008
If I weren't a Tudor nut and history buff I would still be bored, not entertained and displeased.

Posted by: Howardfan

The costumes in the movie are beautiful, and the acting is very good. The only thing i Have found wrong with this movie is that Queen Katherine does not sound very 'Spanish' (which could possibly mean that she has been in England long enough to lose her accent).

I would also recommend you read the book first. It starts out differently (an execution when Mary is 12 and already married to William Carey), and it goes into the lives of Mary's children, and her life with William Stafford.

Posted by: Oragami

All I can say about this movie is, if you care anything about the real history of the Tudor period, don't see this movie. It will just aggravate you.

Posted by: MsSquirrly

This movie was o.k. but yes after seeing and hearing and reading other books you do notice where there were inaccuracies and it does get annoying! I kept saying throughout the movie"it didn't happen like that" ...Eric Bana was easy on the eyes though! He wasnt too bad at depicting HVIII.
Posted by: FMFJRMGRL

I think this movie is just horrible. I usually don't mind historical inaccuracies as long as the story is entertaining and the actors are really good but this movie is just too much. For example Henry raping Anne or Mary "saving" Elizabeth after Anne's death....The story is completely shallow.They pick up (sometimes confusing) story lines only to drop them a little later and you sit there and ask yourself "hmm that's it?"
I haven't seen many movies about the Tudors yet but I think that Eric Bana is the worst Henry VIII ever. He did a great job in Troy and Munich so I don't know if it is the writers fault or Eric's but his Henry is completely non-credible. He is grim all the time and you see nothing of Henry's vibrant personality.Scarlett Johannsen's and Natalie Portman's acting is OK but I definitely prefer Natalie Dormer and Perdita Weeks as Anne and Mary.
posted by Tinili

Natalie's Portman performance as Anne Boleyn was very,very good.I loved every scene with her.But I was disappointed because Anne Boleyn in this film is represented as an evil "witch".But still I love Portman.If you want to watch a historically accurate film of the Tudors definitely it's not the best choice..

Posted by:BoleynGirl

You either like the movie or you hate it. You have to keep in mind, however, that it is based on a book (historical FICTION) that weaves history with fantasy. If you wanted facts, you better stick with biographies and history books. This book is also not focused so much on Anne and Henry but more on Anne's sister Mary Boleyn. This book tells of Mary's story (which there hasn't been too much written on her....or so I have come to find) and how she dealt with life.

Philippa Gregory does do extensive research on all aspects of history and of the characters she writes about, but she is an author (a best selling author) who "loves history. In almost any circumstances I always ask, 'But how did it get like this? How did it start?' These are questions that come naturally..." as quoted by a Q&A session with the author. Also, if you read any of her books, you would also see that she sites all of her resources that she used to create the story.

I think that with the size of the book and all the sub story lines and plots, the film makers did a hell of a job in condensing a fictional story based loosely on history in 2 hours! I think the characters were portrayed in a way that made them more dimensional...I can believe that Anne acted at times the way she was played in this movie. Anne had a mean streak in her (just like I suspect that we all do too) and we all know that Henry could blow hot and cold any given day.

Now I don't want to come off as "I don't care about the history" because I do, I am a history major....but I also know of the creative process....no story or movie is going to be completely and 100% true, that is why we have history books. Again, you either like it or you don't.
posted by: QueensFool83

"The Virgin Queen" (2005)
Directed by Coky Giedroyc
Written by Paula Milne
Starring: Anne-Marie Duff, Joanne Whalley, Ian Hart, Tom Hardy, Kevin McKid, Emilia Fox, Hans Matheson

I love the music in the film .Anne Marie Duff is good as Elizabeth the I.It presents the life of Elizabeth till the day of her death.The end was fantastic...watch it and you'll understand why I say this

Posted by:BoleynGirl

A very good movie about Elizabeth, from her 21st year of life until her death. Anne Marie Duff plays her both as a loving woman and capable ruler. Her relationship with Robert Dudley remains platonic but yet very romantic. Also very nice to see: the growing rivalry between Elizabeth and her cousin Lettice Knollys, Mary Boleyn's granddaughter. Fans of "The Tudors" will also enjoy Hans Matheson as Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, son of Lettice Knollys and favourite of Elizabeth.

Posted by: LadyLizzy

"The Six Wives of Henry VIII" (1970)
Directed by Noami Capon and John Glenister
Written by Maurice Cowan
Starring Keith Michell, Bernard Hepton, Annette Crosbie, Dame Dorthy Tutin, Anne Stallybrass, Elvi Hale, Angela Pleasence, Wolfe Morris,

This is probably the best portrayal of Henry and his wives I've ever seen. Often I've read opponents of "The Tudors" hold this series as the superior adaptation. While it's definitely more true to the history in costumes, casting, and script, I consider comparing it to "the Tudors" like comparing apples and oranges. It was created for a different purpose for a different audience. The miniseries is divided into six 90 minute episodes and produced by the BBC. It's low budget (in one scene the camera pans to show a member of the set crew in modern clothes sitting on top of the wall of the set, oops!) so don't expect fabulous sets. Keith Michell IS Henry and perfectly conveys his mannerisms, his dual nature, and accurate to his appearance at all stages of his life that is shown. So many memorable scenes and lines, and of course wonderful acting from Annette Crosbie, Dame Dorthy Tutin, Bernard Hepton (he looks so much like Cranmer it's scary!), Wolfe Morris and the entire cast. I strongly recommend.
Posted by: Boudica

This was filmed in the 1970's, so the cinematography is different than we would see in 'our time' (2000's). The acting seems so-so, and the costumes don't seem to fit some of the actors/actresses.

The BBC version of The Other Boleyn girl, however, is just as good as the American version, although it's a bit different in that both Anne and Mary talk directly to the camera.
Posted by: Oragami

The BBC version I remember was on in the 70's . It started me to get involved studying the Tudors and reading books about them. I will always be thankful for that show. I love it you all should get a copy and watch it. You will enjoy it
Posted by; Ladyjane

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"Henry VIII" (2003)
Directed by Pete Travis
Written by Peter Morgan
Starring: Ray Winstone, Sean Bean, Assumpta Serna, Helena Bonham-Carter, Emila Fox, Pia Girard, Emily Blunt, Clare Holman, David Suchet, Danny Webb, Mark Strong, Charles Dance, Joss Ackland

This by far is the best version in a movie. In my opinion.
Ray Winstone is so believable as HVIII.
He even looks like what I imagined he would look like and would act like. I can see why women fell for his charm.
All in all this was a great version!
Posted by: FMFJRMGRL

Comments: I am so glad I was able to find this online and download it. What a fantastic version, I've only watched part 1 but I love it, I will add more when I finish part 2. More recent movies depicting the Tudors should have taken a hint from this movie. The length is appropriate, no way you can tell any of the story of the tudors in its glory in an hour and a half, I'd say three is absolute MINIMUM. Great actors, especially Henry and Katharine of Aragon, very believable on both parts. The actress that plays Anne Boleyn is good but I wasn't very fond of her, which is interesting because this is the first portrayal of her where I didn't love her character and sympathize with her. Natalie Dormer is by far my favorite Anne Boleyn. Looking forward to part 2 and will report back.
Posted by: Amyburr

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"Young Bess" (1953)
Directed by George Sidney
Written by Jan Lustig (adapted from the novel by Margaret Irwin)
Starring: Jean Simmons, Stewart Granger, Deborah Kerr, Charles Laughton, Kay Walsh

Before Cate Blanchett or Glenda Jackson, there was Jean Simmons in "Young Bess". Adapted from the popular trilogy by Margaret Irwin, the film was also produced at a time in Hollywood that the Elizabethan period was popular. The film doesn't show much of Elizabeth's childhood and is mostly centered on the love triangle between Elizabeth, Thomas Seymour (Stewart Granger), and Catherine Parr (Deborah Kerr). The film makes the relationship between Elizabeth and Seymour as a forbidden romance and more idyllic and innocent than how it actually happened in history. Elizabeth is shown to be much older than her brother Edward, in reality they were only 3 years apart in the movie there was a 13 year difference in the actors' ages. Mary doesn't have a much of a role except to be a wet blanket and her reign is completely skipped over. (the movie ends while Edward is still King and flashes forward to Elizabeth's coronation day) Thomas Seymour's overall portrayal is what really annoys me, it's completely distorted and makes him out to be an innocent, cuddly stud muffin rather than a scheming pervert. Overall, it's completely miss-able.
Posted by: Boudica

Comments: I love this movie, it' very funny and the actors were ( a lot of them are dead, R.I.P.) great.
Posted by:princeedwardfan

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"The Private Life of Henry VIII" (1933)

Directed by Alexander Korda

Written by Lajos Biro

Starring: Charles Laughton, Merle Oberon, Elsa Lancaster, Robert Donat, Franklin Dyall

Charles Laughton (Young Bess) takes on another role in a Tudor film, this time he is the king himself Henry VIII in this 1933 classic first full length feature film based around the last four wives of Henry VIII.

The movie is in black and white, and is set in only one palace, Beginning with the stunning Merle Oberon in the tower commenting politely on her small neck, add an over the top french executioner and a lot of un P.C stereotypes and you have a comedy classic lighthearted version of the tyrant and delusional yet affectionate King and the women he led into marriage and other such fates that followed.

The inaccuracies are to be expected in such an old un studied film. Katherine Howard is the centre focus in the movie, and is much older than the late teenager she really was. Katherine also sings to Henry and is introduced to him while Baby Edward was newly born to Jane Seymour which we know is in accurate as Katherine did not enter court until Anne of Cleve's came along. Jane Seymour is not shown much which would upset the seymour fans, no mention of Thomas or Ed Seymour either. Jane simply giggles on her wedding day, then dies in childbirth, which is not shown. Henry holds his son and sadly says "oh sweet Jane" to symbolize that Jane Seymour's time in the film is over.
Anne of Cleve's is portrayed as a flimsy (yet very pretty) loud German who plays cards with the king on his wedding night and they both decide then and there to get a divorce. Simple as that!

After Katherine Howard is seen smitten with Culpepper, accusations fly and Henry is very saddened, however no tower scene, time in syon abby or actual beheadings are shown, the king mourns briefly for his sweet rose without thorn before his "sister" Anne of Cleve's comes in and tells him he needs a wife and a good one this time. She points to the window, where a widowed lady llatimer is looking after Edward and Elizabeth. Kate Parr is seen as bossy and over the top as a mother to the king, not letting him eat this type of food or exert himself too much. It ends with Henry sitting in a chair once his bossy wife had left and sighing "Six wives, and the best is the worst of them all"

The notion in the movie was to depict
Katherine of Aragon (who was not in the film)
As "spiteful" According to Anne of Cleve's in this movie
Anne Boleyn as "Ambitious"
Jane Seymour "stupid"
Anne of Cleve's "a sharp hand at cards" Or something along those lines as Anne of Cleve's and Henry were discussing each queen.
Kathryn Howard as too "young"
And lastly Katherine Parr as someone to look after him and the children.

A good laugh, superbly acted thanks to the very accurate looking Charles Laughton and light.

Not a film to see if you want accuracy but still a rather cute very short look at the life of Henry Tudor

Comments: I watched it last night. Charles Laughton's interpretation was excellent, but was the only thing I like in this movie.

Posted by:princeedwardfan

Comments: Great movie to watch if you'd like a good laugh. Extremely dated in it's 'modern' jargon--"Oh, so this is what they mean by 'chop and change'." Something obviously said in the 1930's. Katherine Howard being an adult as Anne faces the axe a real hoot. However, the costumes, the castles (no longer standing I'm afraid) that the scenes were shot in are fantastic. Just too bad the credits didn't mention where the movie was filmed. But a lot of accuracies in Laughtons performance, Henry did bluster and stomp around the courtyard w/his children. It's believable that he could have spent his wedding night playing cards w/Anne of Cleves, who learned how to play cards to amuse Henry on her way to England. Laughton was Henry VIII to early 20th C audiences as JRM will be to 21st C audiences. I wish it was filmed in colour, or someone had colorized it. (where are you now, Ted?) All in all for a real Tudor fan, a must have for his/her collection, tho dated and grossly inaccurate, still a fun watch. But really look at the scenery in the background.

Posted by: ElizabethTudorRose

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"Mary of Scotland" (1936)
Directed by John Ford
Written by Dudley Nicols (adapted from the play by Maxwell Anderson)
Starring: Katharine Hepburn, Fredric March, Florence Eldridge, Ian Kieth, Douglas Walton

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"Henry VIII and his Six Wives" (1972)

Directed by Waris Hussein

Written by Ian Thorne

Starring: Keith Michell, Francis Cuka, Charlotte Rampling, Jane Asher, Donald Pleasence, Jenny Bos, Lynne Frederick, Barbara Leigh-Hunt, Brian Blessed, Bernard Hepton, Michael Goodliffe

Keith Mitchell reprises his exceptional role as King Henry VIII in a full length feature movie in color. He was widely accepted as the best depiction of the lustful and brutal King in the 1970BBC series. He again makes his mark as the best acted and portrayed King of England from 1509-1547

This movie is in my opinion one of the best acted films and accurate descriptions of the wives of Henry and the lives that all took second place to the kings demands.

Katherine of Aragon is shown in a more realistic light, played by the lovely Francis Cuka (Mrs Cratchit in SCROOGE the 1970's Version with Albert Finney) who is superb as the once happy Queen of Henry who prays for a son, and fate seems to have smiled upon them as the movie begins with an old Henry on his death bed reminiscing of his first born son Henry who lived but all of 52 days. Henry is young and vibrant, Katherine is happy and contented with her husband who is loved by the people. After the tragic sudden death of the first born son, The two share an intimate argument, shed a few tears and the kings love for his first queen is heavily displayed. A real sad moment for me was seeing little Mary run around the royal gardens while Katherine walks happily toward her, Mary then notices her father and runs to him happily. The king said To Katherine that many sons would follow....

The speech Katherine of Aragon made to Henry at Parliament is also kept accurate. True to form Henry did not allow his sickly daughter to visit her mother.

Anne Boleyn is played by Charlotte Rampling and she is spectacular as the cold yet passionate Anne Boleyn, who refuses to sleep with him when he approaches her at Hever where she is walking two of her dogs whom she loved very much. I liked how there was interaction shown between Anne and Katherine, it was also refreshing to see that Henry Percy was mentioned as well as Mary Boleyn and her past fling, even if these were only in conversation.

Anne graces the court with charm and wit, and covers her sixth nail which is based on rumor, very well. The tribal dance is magnificent and rather intriguing as it gives way to peoples understanding of Anne as a dark crow, or black nan. When she finds out of Henry's locket around Jane Seymour's neck, she indeed rips it off and approaches him. After Elizabeth is born, the marriage is waining and Anne knows she must be with child, a male one in order to save the marriage. The scene where she is laughing hysterically of her position, watching Henry talk to the fair maiden Seymour whilst Anne is said to be with child, is done rather well.

Anne's execution is sadly not shown, nor is her trial which is the downfall of this movie. My guess is that time was a factor and in a two hour film, every wife must be mentioned and given their own synopsis accordingly. Jane Seymour was portrayed very well and i was so pleased when they showed her disgust and sadness at the fate of her fellow catholics who fought in the pilgrimage of grace and were then lied to by the king, they were told they would get off lightly for their crimes but he had no intention of this. Jane also fought with Henry and his passion and sense of humor was displayed throughout the movie as well as during the fight with Jane. Mary is reinstated at court which was refreshing to see, she also had light reddish hair, not dark brown and was portrayed as compliant and sweet, not at all vindictive or rude to Elizabeth, however Elizabeth was only shown near the end when Henry died and while Katherine Parr was entered in the movie as the heavily protestant faithful woman who was indeed in love with Thomas Seymour but she did not act upon this. Katherine Parr was so briefly shown as was Anne of Cleve's and this is what slightly annoyed me.
Anne Cleve's was portrayed rather terribly, as an ugly duckling with yellow teeth and matted hair under her blond wig. Thomas Cromwell was played perfectly by Donald Pleasence and I commend his performance as the "traitor" who was beaten up near the end of his time at council and then sent to die a traitors death.
Reginald pole is not seen nor is Lady Salisbury however she is mentioned during the kings time with the lovely little Kathryn Howard who was played perfectly by the stunningly sweet Lynne Fredericks.

I loved Kathryn Howard's portrayal and only wished there were more.
Lady Rochford was not seen sent to the scaffold, she was crying behind the sweet Howard girl who went to the scaffold gracefully and said the infamous speech. "i die a queen but would rather die Culpeppers wife" "good people pray for me" She also prayed right up until her head was cut off, which is said to be what she did in truth. Francis Derehem is mentioned as being killed but not shown.
Culpepper and Howard are not seen or shown as lovers, just close companions and Kathryn's last plea to Cranmer was heart-filled and very wrenching.

A must see movie for all
9/10
posted by Howardfan

Comments: I like this movie, but it's incomprehensible to people who don't know the story of the six wives of Henry VIII because:
-it doesn't tell you what happen to one wife before the subsequent marriage
- Elizabeth appears magically in the last minute of the movie
Keith Michell as Henry VIII is fantastic
Posted by: princeedwardfan

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"Lady Jane" (1986)

Directed by Trevor Nunn

Written by David Edgar

Starring: Helena Bonham Carter, Cary Elwes, Patrick Stewart, Jane Lapotaire, Joss Ackland, John Wood

Trailer (from Showtime)

"Lady Jane" is one of those movies that capitalizes on one of the most tragic stories of history and cashes in for all it's worth without much care what historical facts get in the way of it's retelling. This film would be completely lost if it weren't for some crucial cast picks. Helena Bonham Carter is so convincing as Lady Jane Grey that it's impossible to think of one without the other. Cary Elwes (before he was Weasley in "Princess Bride") plays a rogue-ish Guildford Dudley, son of the grasping Lord Protector (John Wood) who turns into a romantic heartthrob as well as an alcoholic frat boy. Jane and Guildford are shown as star crossed youth who were forced to treason by their parents and pay the ultimate price despite being guiltless victims. Jane Lapotaire is a typical rendition of Queen Mary I, but at least she is more accurately shown as reluctant to send her teenage cousin to the block, pressured into it by her intense desire to marry and bear children with Prince Philip who will not come to England unless Jane is dead. The script contains other smaller inaccuracies, like Elizabeth being younger than Jane and Edward or Jane minting a new shilling while Queen, but also preserved some basic historical facts about Jane other movies miss. For instance, Jane always preferred to wear black simple dress as was befitting Protestant ladies of rank at the time and was renown across England and beyond for her intellect and learning. Aside from the inadequacies from the script, the acting, sets, and costumes make this film worth seeing at least once.
Posted by: Boudica

Comments: I think Helena Bonham Carter's interpretation as Lady Jane Grey is perfect. After all, she is a great actress.
I like Warren Saire's interpretation as king Edward, too.
Posted by: princeedwardfan

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"Nine Days a Queen" (1936)

also called "The Tudor Rose"

Directed by Robert Stevenson

Written by Robert Stevenson and Milles Malleson

Starring: Nova Pilbean, Cedric Hardwicke, John Mills, Frank Cellier, Gwen Ffangcon Davies, Desmond Tester

"Nine Days a Queen" isn't the best film about Lady Jane Grey, or any of the Tudors. It's very much a product of the 30's from Nova Pilbeam's bobbed hair and sweet, Shirley Temple smile to the camera, to the laughable special effects. Most of the film contains a thinly veiled moralistic message that would have been better served if it used more subtlety. The movie starts off with a sick Henry VIII in bed telling his council the order of the succession: Edward, Mary, Elizabeth, Jane, and threatening a curse upon any who disrupts that order. Edward in this movie is the most over acted and childish I've ever seen in any movie. Mary's portrayal is about as bad as it usually gets, in this movie she gives no pardon for Jane (which she did historically) and explains to Jane in a self righteous matter that she MUST die. Guildford has the most positive depiction - he's not a drinker but a kind, sweet teen boy who falls in love with Jane and Jane learns to love (much like the movie that came out 50 years later). But the script contains some very memorable lines such as when Jane asks Mary "Why must you build your greatness on the graves of others?" That question could be asked of any Tudor monarch. I prefer watching "Lady Jane" over this one, however.
Posted by: Boudica

Comments: I like this movie and how Desmond Tester iterpreted Edward, but I prefer "Lady Jane".
this movie starts with Henry VIII'death and ends with Lady Jane Grey's one.
Everything happen in one year, instead of seven.
Posted by: princeedwardfan

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Elizabeth R (1971) BBC

Directed by: Roderick Graham and Richard Martin; Writing credits: John Hale and Julian Mitchell; ...

Starring Glenda Jackson, Ronald Hines, Robert Hardy, John Ruddock, Ian Barritt, Anthony Ainley, Kevin Brennan, Peter Jeffrey, David Strong,Vivian Pickles

Filming Locations: Parham Park, Storrington, West Sussex, England, UK

Critics hailed this as the most faithful remake of all Elizabeth Films and Series

Elizabeth R (The mini series)
After seeing Cate blanchett and anne marie duff play and portray The majestic Virgin Queen, I was convinced that this was as good as it got for elizabeth films and movie portrayals. That was before I saw this amazing classic adaption. Not only does this movie deliver spectacular scenery and costume for the day (early 70's) this 6 part mini series combines every aspect of the young Tudor girl' upbringing and descent to the throne. The relationship between a very authentic looking mary tudor and elizabeth is portrayed in a heart wrenching realistic way and King edwards short time on the throne is great to see including the influence his death has over the kingdom. Mary Queen of scotts (Vivian pickles) is brilliantly acted and shows the scottish queens softer side and just how unaware the ill fated royal was. It becomes clear that both women are pawns in the men who surround them's evil game. The cortiers and princes are portrayed and acted effortlessly. The star and belle of the ball is clearly Glenda Jackson. from her time in the tower, confessing how she was put of marriage at the age of eight after seeing Kathryn howard dragged away from the king to her death, to her marriage proposals and war plans, deep love for her good friend Robert dudely, regret over Mary Queen of Scotts untimely death, and ending with her own death, with no husband or children to inherit the throne, this talented and superb actress has you beleiving every step of the way that there is no substitute. A virgin Queen through and through (unlike the 1998 version would have you beleive)) Gelnda Jackson has every emotion and hardness of Elizabeth brought to life and in my opinion IS and will forever remain the only Elizabeth faitfhully portrayed.
10/10

Review Submitted by:

Comments: The one and only production that gives Elizabeth an accurate portrayal of her life and times. Jackson has been the Elizabeth for me for over 30 years. Consistent and consecutive, Jackson portrays Bess as close to the real Bess as possible w/no alterations to the character. Witty and charming, cold and calculating, we see the real Bess in Jackson's performance. The series is historically factual with no historical liberties. Very, very well done! I recommend this to all Tudor lovers. (this is the series I'd love to see re-made w/Blanchette as the lead, only add more history and get rid of the 'endless bowing scenes', ie, when Dudley returns to court after he's been found not guilty of Amy's death. Make it a 12 hr series and we'd definitely capture Bess' entire life w/accuracy!) I can't add anything that howardfan hasn't already said. Kudos!

Posted by: ElizabethTudorRose

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"The twisted tale of Bloody Mary"(2008)

Written and direct by:Chris Barnard

Starring: Miranda French,Jason Sharo,Lisa Marie Kennedy,Victoria Peiro, Imogen Slaughter.

Trailer and Offical Website

Comments:
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How can anyone not have added this yet? As I am truly a 'fan'atic on anything Tudors or Royal, I applaud this 2-part miniseries. (Is that why it's not added, it's HBO and The Tudors is Showtime?)

Not only is it Helen Mirren playing an older Elizabeth, but the historical resemblance is closer to any that I've ever seen...right down to the half-hanging, bowl-burning of traiters scenes. Nothing has shown even her death as well as this.

Bravo Helen!

Posted by: LadyLizzy

Comments: Overall, a good production, very well played by Mirren. She shows the depth of Elizabeth and her love for Leicester. However, the death-bed scene of Leicester a tad over the top. Otherwise, Mirren captures Bess at her best and worst. Wonderfully performed by Mirren who went on to play Elizabeth II later the same year in The Queen. Also a must see movie! Dramatic license is controlled, but still palatable, tho what show doesn't add that license? Still, a well-done production that basically sticks to facts. Highly recommend it for Bess lovers especially.

Posted by: ElizabethTudorRose

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FLAGSHIP of Henry VIII's navy

MsSquirrly — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 08:12:50 CST

The Mary Rose
- Flagship of King Henry VIII's Navy

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www.maryrose.org - The official website for the Mary Rose

The cause of the sinking of Henry VIII's Vice Flagship, the Mary Rose, as she sailed out to meet the French fleet on 19th July AD 1545, has remained an enduring mystery; at the time, the French claimed that the ship was holed by French canon fire whilst the British maintained that she sank due to a poorly executed navigational manoeuver. On the day of the sinking there was a total crew complement of 415 men onboard. Recently an analysis of the commingled human assemblage identified only 179. From measuring bone collagen and enamel apatite of 18 of these individuals, information about their diets and origins have been deduced. Indications are that a significant proportion of the crew did not originate in Britain, but rather they came from warmer, more southerly, regions of Europe (eg. Spain). These data suggest the presence of 33-60% of non-natives, possibly mercenaries, amongst the crew. Together with the contemporary remark shouted from the Mary Rose to a passing ship, that the Captain had the "type of knaves of whom he could not rule", the results lend weight to the suggestion that poor communication contributed to the disaster.

Thanks to the BBC for this picture from their documentary ( can be viewed below in the links)	INTERESTING FACTS: Built in Portsmouth, England (1509-1510) One of the earliest built warships of the Royal Navy It was 38.5m (132 ft) long and 11.7m (38 ft) beam displaced 500 tons (700 tons after1536 with a refit) The crew consisted of 200 sailors, 185 soldiers, and 30 gunners. After the 1536 refit, she mounted 91 guns In 1545, Francis I launched an invasion on England of 225 ships and 30, 000 men - larger than the Spanish Armada 43 years later. All but 35 of the crew died when the ship sank in 1545. In 1836, a diver's fishing net caught on the wreck and artifacts like long bows & guns were found but work stopped by 1840 In 1965 a new search was started and in 1967, sonar found an acoustic anomaly. In 1971 a severe gale, uncovered several structural timbers . In 1979 the Mary Rose Trust was formed and an archeological team began work. On 11 October 1982 the wreck was lifted from the water by a team led by the Royal Engineers, and put upright in a dry dock with a temperature of 2–6°C and a relative humidity of 95%.

LIFE ABOARD THE MARY ROSE	From http://hvg.heinemann.co.uk he story of the Tudor warship the Mary Rose, complete with re-enactments of what conditions were like on board, plus information about the historical finds yielded after its sunken remains were excavated and raised: almost half of the many finds excavated have now been either restored or conserved; it is a true example of a time capsule as many of the artefacts would not have survived anywhere else; a number of dice and coins were found indicating that gambling was a popular pastime for the crew; the longbows recovered are probably the only surviving examples of the weaponry used to such devastating effect against the French in many of the battles of the time; animal bones excavated from the wreck suggest the food consumed by the crew - beef, pork, fish and venison were all eaten; a gallon of watered-down beer per day was given to each crew member; the officers had music as an extra with their meals.

LINKS:

LITERATURE:

The Warship Mary Rose: The Life & Times of King Henry VIII's Flagship by David Childs and HRH The Prince of Wales
Before the Mast: Life and Death Aboard the Mary Rose (Archaeology of the Mary Rose) (Archaeology of the Mary Rose Volume 4) by Julie Gardiner
Your Noblest Shippe: Anatomy of a Tudor Warship (archaeology of the mary rose) by Peter Marsden
Sealed by Time: The Loss and Recovery of the Mary Rose (The Archaeology of the Mary Rose) by Peter Marsden

Join the Mary Rose Crew

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Behind the scenes : Tudors costume designer dishes on the look of Season 2

by jill on April 7th, 2008 - ShowtimeFan.com

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FLAGSHIP of Henry VIII's navy

Ambassador Eustace Chapuys as played by Anthony Brophy
Imperial Ambassador to England: 1529-1545